{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:12:19Z","timestamp":1790169139430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":276,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin &amp; Trans Imm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2009cells play a critical role in the immune dysfunction associated with liver cirrhosis. CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2009cells, or bystander\u2010activated CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2009cells, are involved in tissue injury but their specific contribution to liver cirrhosis remains unclear. This study sought to identify the mechanism for CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell\u2010mediated pathogenesis during liver cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immunophenotype, antigen specificity, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity\u2010related indicators of CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2009cells were determined using flow cytometry. The functional properties of these cells were assessed using transcriptome analysis. CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell killing was detected using cytotoxicity and antibody\u2010blocking assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2009cells was significantly elevated in liver cirrhosis patients and correlated with tissue damage. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these cells had innate\u2010like functional characteristics. This CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell population primarily consisted of effector memory T\u2009cells and produced a high level of cytotoxicity\u2010related cytokines, granzyme B and perforin. IL\u201015 promoted CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell activation and proliferation, inducing significant TCR\u2010independent cytotoxicity mediated through NKG2D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2009cells correlated with cirrhosis\u2010related liver injury and contributed to liver damage by signalling through NKG2D in a TCR\u2010independent manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T09:44:40Z","timestamp":1727948680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["IL\u201015\u2010induced CD38<sup>+<\/sup>HLA\u2010DR<sup>+<\/sup>CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T\u2009cells correlate with liver injury via NKG2D in chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Liver Disease The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese\u00a0Medicine  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Liver Disease The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese\u00a0Medicine  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Liver Disease The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of 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