{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T09:55:18Z","timestamp":1773827718803,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":287,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin &amp; Trans Imm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and severe autoimmune disease characterised by persistent inflammation. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are the primary agents commonly used in combination as the first\u2010line treatment for SLE. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of this combined therapy with HCQ and GCs have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism behind combined HCQ and GC treatment in lupus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An SLE IgG\u2010induced inflammation model was used to investigate the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of HCQ and dexamethasone (DXM). A glucocorticoid\u2010induced osteoporosis (GIOP) model was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of HCQ on osteoclastogenesis. Inflammation was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Bone metabolism was determined structurally via microcomputer tomography and in bone marrow\u2010derived osteoclast cultures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An SLE IgG\u2010induced inflammation model demonstrated that HCQ could not ameliorate inflammation alone but could enhance the anti\u2010inflammatory effect of GCs by decreasing the expression of Fc\u03b3RI on macrophages. HCQ inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by GCs and RANKL by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 and limiting reactive oxygen species formation, which mitigated GC\u2010induced bone loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that HCQ improved the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of GCs and inhibits the osteoclastogenesis in experimental lupus. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the combined treatment of lupus with HCQ and GCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T02:29:01Z","timestamp":1728959341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inhibitory effect of hydroxychloroquine on glucocorticoid\u2010induced osteoporosis in lupus therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenlin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruizhi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoru","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria I","family":"Bokarewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Rheumatology Clinic Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010Min","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30237-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306071872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.068676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X211073001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0372-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine equally affect tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha, interleukin 6, and interferon\u2010gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"24","author":"Borne BE","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"803","article-title":"Selective regulation of cytokine secretion by hydroxychloroquine: Inhibition of interleukin 1 alpha (IL\u20101\u2010alpha) and IL\u20106 in human monocytes and T\u2009cells","volume":"20","author":"Sperber K","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1800214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa705"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.824008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202006020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.924766"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1043975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-015-0212-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-018-1636-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00410-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000943117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","article-title":"The Fc\u03b3RIII engagement augments PMA\u2010stimulated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation by granulocytes partially via cross\u2010talk between Syk\u2010ERK\u2010NF\u2010\u03baB and PKC\u2010ROS signaling pathways","volume":"9","author":"Lu CH","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.474106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2016.1140743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27534"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cti2.70010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T19:02:19Z","timestamp":1730142139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cti2.70010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cti2.70010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cti2.70010","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0068","2050-0068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0068","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70010"}}