{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T13:51:14Z","timestamp":1781877074074,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2001346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2001346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2033783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2033783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin &amp;amp; Trans Imm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our previous study in hospitalised patients infected with avian A(H7N9) influenza virus identified\n                      <jats:italic>CD84<\/jats:italic>\n                      amongst several genes associated with recovery. Yet, the correlation between CD84 and respiratory viral infection outcomes is far from established. We aimed to define CD84 dynamics in patient cohorts of respiratory disease and immune cell populations in influenza virus\u2010infected mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Expression dynamics of\n                      <jats:italic>CD84<\/jats:italic>\n                      and association with previously identified correlates of severe and fatal respiratory disease outcomes,\n                      <jats:italic>OLAH<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>IL18R1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were analysed in A(H7N9) and COVID\u201019 patient cohorts across disease severities. Using mouse models of influenza virus infection, CD84 expression on immune cell subsets was analysed over the course of infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Elevated\n                      <jats:italic>CD84<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels in recovered A(H7N9) patients were accompanied by increased expression of genes for CD84\u2010associated adaptor proteins and other SLAM receptor family members. In these patients, high\n                      <jats:italic>CD84<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression persisted until discharge, while remaining low throughout the disease in patients that succumbed. We found inverse correlations between\n                      <jats:italic>CD84<\/jats:italic>\n                      with\n                      <jats:italic>OLAH<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>IL18R1<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels in our A(H7N9) cohort, and in hospitalised COVID\u201019 patients across respiratory disease severities. In influenza virus\u2010infected mice, CD84 was upregulated on a broad range of immune cell populations, particularly on activated and influenza virus\u2010specific T\u2010cell populations and correlated with less disease severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings revealed the link between high CD84 expression in humans and recovery from respiratory viral infections. In mice, CD84 expression increased across a broad range of immune cell populations, with CD84 expression on activated T\u2010cell populations correlating with less severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:22:35Z","timestamp":1773116555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influenza virus infection drives upregulation of\n                    <scp>CD84<\/scp>\n                    across a broad range of immune cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle JH","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley A","family":"McQuilten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy Chase","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host\u2010Microbe Interactions St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis TN USA"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research St Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aira F","family":"Cabug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Gebregzabher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C","family":"Mettelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host\u2010Microbe Interactions St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine Boston Children's Hospital  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee\u2010Ann","family":"Van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host\u2010Microbe Interactions St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan S","family":"Thwaites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne G","family":"Randolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine Boston Children's Hospital  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER)  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul G","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host\u2010Microbe Interactions St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis TN USA"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Research St Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis TN USA"},{"name":"Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER)  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education\/Health, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3236-5170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kedzierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER)  Athens GA USA"},{"name":"Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD) Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Kedzierski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendon Y","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD) Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65262-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.7.3668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.26556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1109756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-01-0333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.141683","article-title":"CD84 is a regulator of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in multiple myeloma","volume":"6","author":"Lewinsky H","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI176818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01557-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-016-0889-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46822-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe3024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01029-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85877-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06904-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.5317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1616OC"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cti2.70087","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cti2.70087","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cti2.70087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:58:40Z","timestamp":1781873920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cti2.70087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cti2.70087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cti2.70087","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0068","2050-0068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0068","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70087"}}