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In this review, we examine current knowledge on the immunomodulatory functions of fatty acid metabolism, with a particular focus on T\u2010cell biology. We discuss the catabolic, anabolic and signalling aspects of lipid metabolism and their influence on immune function. Short\u2010chain fatty acids modulate T\u2010cell epigenetics through histone acetylation, thereby impacting gene expression. Medium\u2010 and long\u2010chain fatty acids augment fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which supports the expansion and function of regulatory T\u2010cell populations. Very\u2010long\u2010chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, when cleaved from the membrane, serve as precursors for both pro\u2010inflammatory and pro\u2010resolving signalling molecules. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    fatty acid synthesis contributes to membrane biogenesis and alters acetyl\u2010CoA availability, linking lipid metabolism to epigenetic regulation. The mechanisms described above present promising opportunities to modulate inflammation through targeted therapies. In this review, we focus on emerging targets within fatty acid metabolism pathways that show potential for influencing inflammatory responses in translational models. Specifically, we review key transcription factors, metabolic enzymes and dietary interventions, while also addressing current limitations and challenges in translating these findings to clinical settings. Although studies in murine models have yielded encouraging results, substantial gaps remain\u2014particularly in applying these metabolic strategies to human T\u2010cell biology. We conclude by emphasising the importance of validating these targets in\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    human models as a critical step towards future clinical intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.70091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T22:39:18Z","timestamp":1776292758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fatty acid metabolism\u2014an emerging regulatory node in T\u2010cell immunometabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Brett Chapel","family":"Arenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 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