{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:04:57Z","timestamp":1782281097627,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20231124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20231124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin &amp; Trans Imm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterise the immune cellular landscape and paired B\u2010cell and T\u2010cell receptor repertoires of hypertrophic adenoids in children with obstructive sleep apnoea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed 10x Genomics 5\u2032 single\u2010cell RNA sequencing with paired V(D)J profiling on adenoid tissues from children (AH,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094; control,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094) and analysed 72\u2009076 high\u2010quality cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with controls, AH adenoids exhibited an expanded B\u2010cell compartment (62.26% vs 51.94%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029) and a modest increase in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (0.37% vs 0.15%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029), accompanied by reduced T\u2010cell representation (34.19% vs 44.54%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029). Within the B\u2010cell compartment, GC B cell populations were expanded in AH, particularly Cycling B cells (15.07% vs 2.86%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029), whereas memory B cells were reduced (21.48% vs 32.18%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029). B\u2010cell receptor analysis demonstrated reduced somatic hypermutation frequencies across multiple mature B\u2010cell subsets in AH, accompanied by an isotype distribution skewed towards IgM with reduced class\u2010switched fractions. Although CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      tissue\u2010resident memory T\u2010cell (TRM) frequencies were similar between groups, CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      TRM in AH adenoids displayed interferon\u2010polarised and antigen\u2010processing signatures, and T\u2010cell clonal expansion occurred predominantly within this subset.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that AH is not merely an anatomic cause of upper airway obstruction but also an immunologically active mucosal state associated with ongoing immune remodelling and antiviral defence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:16:54Z","timestamp":1780643814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single\u2010cell and repertoire profiling reveals immune remodelling in paediatric upper airway: insights from adenoid hypertrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5508-1811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, BenQ Medical Center The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Laryngopharynx and Head and Neck Neoplasm  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5005-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, BenQ Medical Center The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Laryngopharynx and Head and Neck Neoplasm  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0184-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, BenQ Medical Center The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Laryngopharynx and Head and Neck Neoplasm  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-9241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, BenQ Medical Center The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Laryngopharynx and Head and Neck Neoplasm  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0470-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, BenQ Medical Center The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Laryngopharynx and Head and Neck Neoplasm  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1120-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, BenQ Medical Center The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Laryngopharynx and Head and Neck Neoplasm  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenkun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, BenQ Medical Center The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Laryngopharynx and Head and Neck Neoplasm  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2022-001710"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31638-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1160396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2022.1330"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-120522-012938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101320-020220"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00461-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2025.114675"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-120419-022408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58094-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-02064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07748-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)36806-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(99)00009-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.105254"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01767-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx760"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cti2.70101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cti2.70101","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cti2.70101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:20:46Z","timestamp":1782278446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cti2.70101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cti2.70101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cti2.70101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0068","2050-0068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0068","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70101"}}