{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:18:21Z","timestamp":1787717901258,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin &amp; Trans Imm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunocompromised hosts have reduced immune responses to COVID\u201019 vaccination, and more severe disease. Antibody responses correlate with protection but markers of immunity vary across a spectrum of immunocompromise. We compared serologic and cellular responses following Ancestral COVID\u201019 vaccines in healthy controls (HC), people with HIV (PWH) and lung transplant (LTx) recipients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti\u2010spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, neutralising antibodies (nAb) and T\u2010cell responses were assessed one\u2010month post\u2010dose 2 and dose 3 of Ancestral COVID\u201019 vaccination in HC, PWH and LTx. NAb responses to Ancestral, Delta and Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 variants were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010nine HC, 21 PWH and 12 LTx recipients were included. PWH demonstrated lower anti\u2010RBD\u2010IgG responses (median post\u2010dose 3: 80.3\u2009\u03bcg mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs 43.3\u2009\u03bcg mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) to mRNA COVID\u201019 vaccination than HC, while LTx recipients displayed diminished responses following any vaccine (15.3\u2009\u03bcg mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs 74.0\u2009\u03bcg mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Dose 3 increased anti\u2010RBD\u2010IgG concentrations and nAb responses in HC and PWH, though Omicron variant neutralisation was attenuated. LTx recipients mounted limited nAb responses. PWH and HC had no difference in nAb responses for Ancestral (median 1738 vs 486.2,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.99) or BA.5 variants (median 34.0 vs 67.9,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.99). Compared with HC, PWH and LTx demonstrated reduced frequencies of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific memory T\u00a0cells and a reduced functional memory T\u2010cell response in LTx.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although Dose 3 was beneficial, LTx recipients demonstrated lower serological responses than HC, while reductions were modest in PWH. Immunocompromised groups had reduced but detectable SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses, demonstrating the utility of COVID\u201019 vaccination despite poorer serological responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T01:42:17Z","timestamp":1785807737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Humoral and cellular responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants after ancestral COVID\u201019 vaccines in people with HIV and lung transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9249-1780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David WJ","family":"Griffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Alfred Health and Monash University  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine Monash University  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Boo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Entry and Vaccines Group Burnet Institute  Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Monash University  Clayton VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shir","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine Monash University  Melbourne VIC 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