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Innovative technologies such as single\u2010cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics (ST) offer new avenues for studying recurrent tumour progression at the single\u2010cell level while preserving spatial data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study integrated single\u2010cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing and ST profiling to examine the tumour microenvironment (TME) of six bladder cancer tissues (three from primary tumours and three from recurrent tumours).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>scRNA data\u2010based ST deconvolution analysis revealed a much higher tumour heterogeneity along with TME in recurrent tumours than in primary tumours. High\u2010resolution ST analysis further identified that while the overall natural killer\/T cell and malignant cell count or the ratio of total cells was similar or even lower in the recurrent tumours, a higher interaction between epithelial and immune cells was detected. Moreover, the analysis of spatial communication reveals a marked increase in activity between cancer\u2010associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and malignant cells, as well as other immune cells in recurrent tumours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed an enhanced interplay between CAFs and malignant cells in bladder recurrent tumours. These findings were first observed at the spatial level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T23:50:02Z","timestamp":1690242602000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Integrated single\u2010cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling reveals higher intratumour heterogeneity and epithelial\u2013fibroblast interactions in recurrent bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhen\u2010Duo","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Central Hospital Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences Jiangsu Normal University Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Heilongjiang China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peixian People's Hospital Jiangsu 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