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The imprinted gene, non\u2010canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1), has previously been shown to mediate fibrosis in the skin, lung and liver, but very little is known on its effect in the heart.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Herein, human pericardial fluid\/plasma and tissue biopsies were assessed for DLK1, whereas the spatiotemporal expression of Dlk1 was determined in mouse hearts. The Dlk1 heart phenotype in normal and MI hearts was assessed in transgenic mice either lacking or overexpressing Dlk1. Finally, in\/ex vivo cell studies provided knowledge on the molecular mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dlk1 was demonstrated in non\u2010myocytes of the developing human myocardium but exhibited a restricted pericardial expression in adulthood. Soluble DLK1 was twofold higher in pericardial fluid (median 45.7 [34.7 (IQR)) \u03bcg\/L] from cardiovascular patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0127) than in plasma (median 26.1\u00a0\u03bcg\/L [11.1 (IQR)]. The spatial and temporal expression pattern of <jats:italic>Dlk1<\/jats:italic> was recapitulated in mouse and rat hearts. Similar to humans lacking Dlk1, adult <jats:italic>Dlk1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> mice exhibited a relatively mild developmental, although consistent cardiac phenotype with some abnormalities in heart size, shape, thorax orientation and non\u2010myocyte number, but were functionally normal. However, after MI, scar size was substantially reduced in <jats:italic>Dlk1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> hearts as compared with <jats:italic>Dlk1<jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> littermates. In line, high levels of Dlk1 in transgenic mice <jats:italic>Dlk1<jats:sup>fl\/fl<\/jats:sup>xWT1<jats:sup>GFPCre<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dlk1<jats:sup>fl\/fl<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>x\u03b1MHC<jats:sup>Cre\/+Tam<\/jats:sup> increased scar size following MI. Further mechanistic and cellular insight demonstrated that pericardial Dlk1 mediates cardiac fibrosis through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the EPDC lineage by maintaining Integrin \u03b28 (<jats:italic>Itgb8<\/jats:italic>), a major activator of transforming growth factor \u03b2 and EMT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that pericardial <jats:italic>Dlk1<\/jats:italic> embraces a, so far, unnoticed role in the heart augmenting cardiac fibrosis through EMT. Monitoring DLK1 levels as well as targeting pericardial DLK1 may thus offer new venues for cardio\u2010protection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T09:30:45Z","timestamp":1707384645000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pericardial delta like non\u2010canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1) augments fibrosis in the heart through epithelial to mesenchymal transition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Charlotte Harken","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikke Helin","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry Odense 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