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MSCs differentiate into mature melanin\u2010producing melanocytes, which confer skin and hair pigmentation and uphold vital skin functions. In controlling and coordinating the homeostasis, repair and regeneration of skin tissue, MSCs play a vital role. Decreased numbers or impaired functions of MSCs are closely associated with the development and therapy of many skin conditions, such as hair graying, vitiligo, wound healing and melanoma. With the advancement of stem cell technology, the relevant features of MSCs have been further elaborated. In this review, we provide an exhaustive overview of cutaneous MSCs and highlight the latest advances in MSC research. A better understanding of the biological characteristics and micro\u2010environmental regulatory mechanisms of MSCs will help to improve clinical applications in regenerative medicine, skin pigmentation disorders and cancer therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This review provides a concise summary of the origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential of cutaneous MSCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The role and potential application value of MSCs in skin pigmentation disorders are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The significance of single\u2010cell RNA sequencing, CRISPR\u2010Cas9 technology and practical models in MSCs research is 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