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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human multipotent (mesenchymal) stromal cells (MSC) can be enriched in vesicular secretome fractions, which have been shown to exert effects (eg, neuroprotection and immunomodulation) of their parental cells. Hence, MSC\u2010derived EVs may serve as novel drug candidates for several inner ear diseases. Here, we provide first evidence of a strong neuroprotective potential of human stromal cell\u2010derived EVs on inner ear physiology. In vitro, MSC\u2010EV preparations exerted immunomodulatory activity on T cells and microglial cells. Moreover, local application of MSC\u2010EVs to the inner ear significantly attenuated hearing loss and protected auditory hair cells from noise\u2010induced trauma in vivo. Thus, EVs derived from the vesicular secretome of human MSC may represent a next\u2010generation biological drug that can exert protective therapeutic effects in a complex and nonregenerating organ like the inner ear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T09:56:48Z","timestamp":1608631008000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Extracellular vesicles from human multipotent stromal cells protect against hearing loss after noise trauma in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Athanasia","family":"Warnecke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Hannover Medical School  Hannover 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