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Inherited or acquired alterations in the structure, expression, or function of VGICs, as well as VGIC\u2010related side effects of pharmaceutical drug delivery can result in abnormal cellular electrophysiological processes that induce life\u2010threatening cardiac arrhythmias or even sudden cardiac death. Hence, to reduce possible heart\u2010related risks, VGICs must be acknowledged as important targets in drug discovery and safety studies related to cardiac disease. In this review, we first summarize the development and application of electrophysiological techniques that are employed in cardiac VGIC studies alone or in combination with other techniques such as cryoelectron microscopy, optical imaging and optogenetics. Subsequently, we describe the characteristics, structure, mechanisms, and functions of various well\u2010studied VGICs in ventricular myocytes and analyze their roles in and contributions to both physiological cardiac excitability and inherited\u00a0cardiac diseases. Finally, we address the implications of the structure and function of ventricular VGICs for drug safety evaluation. In summary, multidisciplinary studies on VGICs help researchers discover potential targets of VGICs and novel VGICs in heart, enrich their knowledge of the properties and functions, determine the operation mechanisms of pathological VGICs, and introduce groundbreaking trends in drug therapy strategies, and drug safety evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T18:31:49Z","timestamp":1634668309000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Ventricular voltage\u2010gated ion channels: Detection, characteristics, mechanisms, and drug safety evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lulan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital &amp; Zhongshan\u2010xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai 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