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Here, we report that gut commensal\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridia<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteria regulate host energy balance through the tryptophan\u2010derived metabolite indole\u20103\u2010propionic acid (IPA). IPA acts as an endogenous leptin sensitiser to counteract obesity. Mechanistically, IPA is secreted from the gut into the circulation, and then targets to the STAT3 in the hypothalamic appetite regulation centre, promoting its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, which enhances the body's response to leptin, and regulates the balance between appetite and energy metabolism. The in vitro pull\u2010down assays involving site\u2010directed mutagenesis demonstrate that Trp623 in the SH2 domain is the key binding site for STAT3\u2010IPA interaction. High\u2010fat diet (HFD), rather than genetic factors, induces excessive secretion of antimicrobial peptides by Paneth cells, inhibiting the growth of\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridia<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the gut and resulting in decreased production of the beneficial metabolite IPA. IPA or\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium sporogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      supplement effectively controls weight gain, improves glucose metabolism, and reduces inflammation in DIO mice. IPA fails to achieve such effects in ob\/ob mice, while exogenous leptin administration restores the therapeutic effect of IPA. Our study suggests that the IPA\u2010based gut\u2010brain axis regulates host metabolism, and supplementation with microbiome\u2010derived IPA could be a promising intervention strategy for treating obesity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T04:42:44Z","timestamp":1732768964000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The gut microbiota\u2010derived metabolite indole\u20103\u2010propionic acid enhances leptin sensitivity by targeting STAT3 against diet\u2010induced obesity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6541-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University  Wuxi 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