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Available evidence suggests that MSC\u2010EVs can mimic the functions of their parental cells, exhibiting immunomodulatory, pro\u2010regenerative, anti\u2010apoptotic, and antifibrotic properties. Consequently, MSC\u2010EVs represent a cell\u2010free therapeutic option for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), overcoming the limitations associated with cell replacement therapy, including their non\u2010immunogenic nature, lower risk of tumourigenicity, cargo specificity and ease of manipulation and storage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Topics Covered<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the therapeutic efficacy of MSC\u2010EVs in IBD, with a focus on their mechanisms of action and potential impact on treatment outcomes. We examine the advantages of MSC\u2010EVs over traditional therapies, discuss methods for their isolation and characterisation, and present mechanistic insights into their therapeutic effects through transcriptomic, proteomic and lipidomic analyses of MSC\u2010EV cargoes. We also discuss available preclinical studies demonstrating that MSC\u2010EVs reduce inflammation, promote tissue repair and restore intestinal homeostasis in IBD models, and compare these findings with those of clinical trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Finally, we highlight the potential of MSC\u2010EVs as a novel therapy for IBD and identify challenges and opportunities associated with their translation into clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) strongly influences the composition and function of MSC\u2010derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), affecting their therapeutic potential. Adipose\u2010derived MSC\u2010EVs, known for their immunoregulatory properties and ease of isolation, show promise as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>MicroRNAs are consistently present in MSC\u2010EVs across cell types and are involved in pathways that are dysregulated in IBD, making them potential therapeutic agents. For example, miR\u2010let\u20107a is associated with inhibition of apoptosis, miR\u2010100 supports cell survival, miR\u2010125b helps suppress pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and miR\u201020 promotes anti\u2010inflammatory M2 macrophage polarisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Preclinical studies in IBD models have shown that MSC\u2010EVs reduce intestinal inflammation by suppressing pro\u2010inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106) and increasing anti\u2010inflammatory factors (e.g., IL\u20104, IL\u201010). They also promote mucosal healing and strengthen the integrity of the gut barrier, suggesting their potential to address IBD pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T11:39:57Z","timestamp":1730633997000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell\u2010derived extracellular vesicles: A focus on inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5195-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Clua\u2010Ferr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute IGTP Inflammatory Bowel Diseases  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University Rovira i Virgili  Tarragona 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