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Nevertheless, its precise involvement in alcohol\u2010associated liver disease has yet to be fully elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We generated mice with intestinal epithelial cell\u2010specific\n                      <jats:italic>Fut2<\/jats:italic>\n                      knockout (\n                      <jats:italic>Fut2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u25b3IEC<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and established a chronic\u2010binge alcohol model. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis were used to reveal differences in the composition and function of faecal bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The loss of intestinal epithelial\n                      <jats:italic>Fut2<\/jats:italic>\n                      exacerbates alcohol\u2010related hepatic oxidative stress damage, and this effect is dependent on gut bacteria. A marked decrease in the abundance of bacteria carrying nicotinamidase (PncA) in the intestines of\n                      <jats:italic>Fut2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u25b3IEC<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice was observed, leading to disrupted nicotinamide metabolism and decreased nicotinic acid production. This reduction in nicotinic acid synthesis results in decreased NAD\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      production in the liver via the Preiss\u2013Handler pathway. Administering\n                      <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010overexpressing\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      promotes hepatic NAD\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      synthesis and alleviates alcohol\u2010related oxidative stress damage in\n                      <jats:italic>Fut2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u25b3IEC<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings reveal a gut microbiota\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>Fut2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n                      axis that modulates alcoholic liver injury in mice, which may offer insights into microbial contributions to alcoholic liver disease in people.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Loss of intestinal epithelial fucosylation exacerbates alcohol\u2010related liver injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Intestinal epithelial deletion of\n                            <jats:italic>Fut2<\/jats:italic>\n                            disrupts nicotinamide (NAM) metabolism due to the decline in bacterial nicotinamidase (PncA).\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Supplemented with\n                            <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n                            overexpressed\n                            <jats:italic>E.coli<\/jats:italic>\n                            to restore gut PncA levels can improve liver damage in alcohol\u2010induced intestinal epithelial\n                            <jats:italic>Fut2<\/jats:italic>\n                            deletion mice.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T05:50:16Z","timestamp":1755323416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intestinal\n                    <i>Fut2<\/i>\n                    deficiency exacerbated alcohol\u2010related liver disease by disrupting nicotinamide metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Liuying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luorui","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of 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