{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:22:27Z","timestamp":1788258147845,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3400300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3400300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3400405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3400405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) progresses rapidly with complex pathology and limited treatment options, making it a severe subtype of stroke. The extravasation of blood into the brain parenchyma triggers a cascade of inflammatory responses, contributing to secondary injury. Single\u2010nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA\u2010seq) data have enabled more profound insights into the cellular heterogeneity and dynamic interactions within the haemorrhagic brain. Immune cells play a crucial role in shaping neuroinflammation. However, the lack of comprehensive longitudinal studies limits our understanding of the temporal evolution of these inflammatory processes, posing a challenge to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used snRNA\u2010seq in collagenase\u2010induced ICH mouse models at Days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 post\u2010injury, alongside naive controls, to profile the dynamics of gene expression over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We obtained 281\u00a0577 high\u2010quality transcriptional profiles representing 21 distinct cell types. Co\u2010expression network analysis revealed a prominent \u2018inflammation module\u2019 that remained active throughout ICH. Integrative single\u2010cell transcriptomic and immunofluorescence staining suggested that the various\n                      <jats:italic>Mif<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010expressing cells may contribute to local inflammation, potentially engaging macrophages via receptor\u2013ligand pairs such as\n                      <jats:italic>Cd44<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cd74<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Over time, microglia appeared to serve as key recipients of pro\u2010inflammatory signals increasingly. During the resolution phase, oligodendrocytes exhibited transcriptional signatures consistent with enhanced maturation and remyelination, which T cell\u2010mediated interactions may have facilitated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings offer a systems\u2010level perspective on cell\u2010type\u2013specific responses and immune\u2010mediated interactions during ICH progression and resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Establish intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) mouse models at various time points (Days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28) and construct a high\u2010quality single\u2010nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA\u2010seq) atlas.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Computational analyses suggest that macrophage recruitment in the early stage of ICH potentially involves migration inhibitory factor (MIF) signalling pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>T cells may interact with myelin\u2010forming oligodendrocytes during the resolution phase, potentially contributing to remyelination after ICH.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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