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When this pathway is activated in urologic tumors, IFN transcription and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cell infiltration are triggered, which has an anticancer effect. However, this pathway facilitates the development of prostate cancer through the up\u2010regulation of regulatory B cells. STING palmitoylation triggers immune escape in renal cell carcinoma, and the STING\/SLC14A1 axis also mediates chemoresistance in bladder cancer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main topics covered<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on these findings, we establish the first systematic comparison of tissue\u2010specific STING regulation in urological malignancies, challenging the conventional tumor suppressor\u2010centric view. This review also highlights several innovative strategies leveraging this duality during urologic cancers. The demand for the long\u2010term safety and effectiveness of these targeted STING treatments has not been fully met.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study introduces a framework that harnesses the dual functions of the cGAS\u2010STING pathway to strengthen immunotherapy approaches and improve clinical outcomes to bridge the pre\u2010clinical\u2010clinical gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The context\u2010dependent duality of cGAS\u2013STING signalling in urologic tumours is revealed.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Targeting the STING pathway, in combination with immunotherapies and gene therapies, enhances the anti\u2010tumour response.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Sex hormone differences in urological malignancies are correlated with the cGAS\u2013STING pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T15:42:31Z","timestamp":1763912551000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Beyond tumour suppression: cGAS\u2010STING pathway in urologic malignancies: Context\u2010dependent duality and therapeutic 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