{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:11:55Z","timestamp":1790327515447,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the clinical success of cancer immunotherapies, their efficacy is often compromised by antigen\u2010related problems, including downregulation, loss, and off\u2010tumour toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To overcome these limitations that challenge the current immunotherapies dependent on native antigens, we here describe a new cancer immunotherapy strategy that artificially and specifically expresses a clinically validated antigen on variant tumours and thus repurposes clinical antibody drugs to treat cancers not belonging to their indications. To authenticate the strategy, we delivered a CD20 gene under the control of an NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010specific promoter to tumours by adeno\u2010associated virus and then treated them with a CD20 antibody, rituximab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that CD20 was selectively expressed in tumours, and subsequent rituximab treatment engaged multiple antibody\u2010dependent effector mechanisms, including NK\u2010cell\u2010mediated ADCC and macrophage\u2010mediated ADCP. We demonstrated that this strategy is effective not only in variant\u2010cultivated cancer cells, HCT116 spheroids, and patient\u2010derived organoids of human colorectal cancer, but also in a humanized mouse with an HCT116 xenograft and immunocompetent mouse with an MC38 transplant. The strategy showed high cancer cell specificity in both in vitro and in vivo models, resulting in high therapeutic efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This strategy thus creates a new modality of cancer immune\u2010redirection therapy by repurposing both the clinically validated antigen and antibody.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>TRAP enables tumour\u2010selective ectopic expression of the clinically validated antigen CD20, overcoming antigen limitations in solid tumour immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>TRAP repurposes anti\u2010CD20 antibodies to engage diverse immune effector mechanisms, including ADCC, ADCP, and CDC.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>TRAP demonstrates antitumour efficacy across cellular, 3D tumour spheroid, patient\u2010derived organoid, and in vivo solid tumour models.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:10:02Z","timestamp":1788185402000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cancer cell\u2010selective ectopic expression of CD20 as an antigen enables rituximab repurposing for solid tumour immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yile","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4084-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Clinical Innovation Center for Anorectal Diseases of T.C.M Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-869X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhimin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Clinical Innovation Center for Anorectal Diseases of T.C.M Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqian","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3352-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing 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