{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T19:45:58Z","timestamp":1780429558705,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81972852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81800429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81800429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of long non\u2010coding RNA (lncRNA) prostate cancer\u2010associated ncRNA transcripts 1 (PCAT1) is increased in non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It stimulates tumour growth and metastasis, but its role in the radioimmune responses remain unknown. We aimed to explore the impacts of PCAT1 on tumorigenesis and radioimmune responses and the underlying molecular mechanisms in NSCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify immunosuppressive lncRNAs involved with tumour invasion in NSCLC. The expression levels of PCAT1 were analysed by in situ hybridisation in 55 paired NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Both loss\u2010 and gain\u2010of\u2010function assays were performed to examine the effects of PCAT1 and SOX2 on NSCLC cell behaviours in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatic analyses, chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) and dual\u2010luciferase reporter assays were applied to validate the regulatory effects of PCAT1 on SOX2 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase and rescue assays were utilised to identify the relationship between SOX2 and the cGAS\/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCAT1 was immunosuppressive and related with NSCLC invasion. Increased PCAT1 was negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration in NSCLC. PCAT1 knockdown restrained proliferation, increased apoptosis, and repressed cell metastasis in vivo and in vitro. PCAT1 activated SOX2 that accelerated tumorigenesis and immunosuppression. SOX2 promoted tumour growth through inhibiting cytotoxic T\u2010cell immunity. Moreover, SOX2 restrained cGAS transcription and hampered downstream type I interferon (IFN)\u2010induced immune responses. Inhibition of PCAT1\/SOX2 in collaboration with radiation further inhibited tumour growth, and initiated the cGAS\/STING signalling pathway, which enhanced the immune responses of radiotherapy in NSCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCAT1\/SOX2 axis promoted tumorigenesis and immunosuppression through inhibition of cGAS\/STING signalling\u2010mediated T\u2010cell activation. Inhibition of PCAT1 and SOX2 synergised with radiotherapy to activate the immune response and could serve as potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T05:51:47Z","timestamp":1649829107000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["LncRNA PCAT1 activates SOX2 and suppresses radioimmune responses via regulating cGAS\/STING signalling in non\u2010small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yanping","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuji","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fajian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengrong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Biological Repositories Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4805-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Repositories Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6623-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conghua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-20-827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.28518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01154-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14802-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.687962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2863-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.773978"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"3021","article-title":"Up\u2010regulation of long non\u2010coding RNA PCAT\u20101 correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in gastric cancer","volume":"21","author":"Cui WC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"18482","article-title":"Long non\u2010coding RNA PCAT\u20101 over\u2010expression promotes proliferation and metastasis in non\u2010small cell lung cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Zhao B","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","article-title":"LncRNA\u2010PCAT\u20101 promotes non\u2010small cell lung cancer progression by regulating miR\u2010149\u20105p\/LRIG2 axis","author":"Li J","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0546-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1070-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126401"},{"issue":"61","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"3912","article-title":"Chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP)","author":"Chu C","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6380-5_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01247-w"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"2371","article-title":"GATA6 activated long non\u2010coding RNA PCAT1 maintains stemness of non\u2010small cell lung cancer by mediating FRK","volume":"25","author":"Zang Q","year":"2020","journal-title":"J BUON"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13200-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201510-2084OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-3228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0311-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00242-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720986071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.2149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0379-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/4842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00242-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-1143-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1321191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227174"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ctm2.792","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ctm2.792","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ctm2.792","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T13:33:41Z","timestamp":1692884021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ctm2.792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ctm2.792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ctm2.792","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2001-1326","2001-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2001-1326","type":"print"},{"value":"2001-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"article-number":"e792"}}