{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:30:50Z","timestamp":1790044250553,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["209933838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209933838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical &amp; Translational Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is driven by modifiable lifestyle factors whose effects may be mediated by epigenetics. Therefore, we investigated lifestyle effects on blood DNA methylation in participants of the LIFE\u2010Adult study, a well\u2010characterised population\u2010based cohort from Germany.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lifestyle scores (LS) based on diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake were calculated in 4107 participants of the LIFE\u2010Adult study. Fifty subjects with an extremely healthy lifestyle and 50 with an extremely unhealthy lifestyle (5th and 95th percentiles LS) were selected for genome\u2010wide DNA methylation analysis in blood samples employing Illumina Infinium\u00ae Methylation EPIC BeadChip system technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Differences in DNA methylation patterns between body mass index groups (&lt;25 vs. &gt;30\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were rather marginal compared to inter\u2010lifestyle differences (0 vs. 145 differentially methylated positions [DMPs]), which identified 4682 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; false discovery rate [FDR\u00a0&lt;5%) annotated to 4426 unique genes. A DMR annotated to the\n                      <jats:italic>glutamine\u2010fructose\u20106\u2010phosphate transaminase 2<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>GFPT2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) locus showed the strongest hypomethylation (\u223c6.9%), and one annotated to\n                      <jats:italic>glutamate rich 1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>ERICH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) showed the strongest hypermethylation (\u223c5.4%) in healthy compared to unhealthy lifestyle individuals. Intersection analysis showed that diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake equally contributed to the observed differences, which affected, among others, pathways related to glutamatergic synapses (adj.\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) and axon guidance (adj.\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). We showed that methylation age correlates with chronological age and waist\u2010to\u2010hip ratio with lower DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) acceleration distances in participants with healthy lifestyles. Finally, two identified top DMPs for the\n                      <jats:italic>alanyl aminopeptidase<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>ANPEP<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) locus also showed the strongest expression quantitative trait methylation in blood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA methylation patterns help discriminate individuals with a healthy versus unhealthy lifestyle, which may mask subtle methylation differences derived from obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:53:05Z","timestamp":1655081585000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["DNA methylation patterns reflect individual's lifestyle independent of obesity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ireen","family":"Klemp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department III\u2014Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology University of Leipzig Medical Center  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI\u2010MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luise","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department III\u2014Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology University of Leipzig Medical Center  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Hagemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute 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