{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T09:10:35Z","timestamp":1698311435820},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,8]],"date-time":"2005-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1110240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4449,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A series of papers had analyzed a simplified model of an automated cytology prescreening configuration consisting of a two\u2010class cell classifier followed by a two\u2010class specimen classifier. This has shown, among other things, that the proportion (p) of abnormal cells on an abnormal specimen dictates the number (N) of cells that must be classified before the specimen can be classified with specified accuracy (<jats:italic>Anal Quant Cytol<\/jats:italic>, 2:117\u2013122, 1980). It has also shown that if a system designed assuming one fixed value, P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>, encounters a specimen with a different fixed value, p, then the specimen classifier false negative rate will deviate significantly from the design value, increasing for p &lt; p<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> and vice versa (<jats:italic>Cytometry<\/jats:italic>, 2:155\u2013158, 1981). Using a Gaussian approximation, Timmers and Gelsema (<jats:italic>Cytometry<\/jats:italic>, 6:22\u201325, 1985) extended this model to the case where p is a Beta\u2010distributed random variable. They showed that N increases dramatically with the width (coefficient of variation) of the distribution of p. They also concluded that the randomness of p imposes a fundamental lower limit on the specimen false negative rate below which it is impossible to go, even with an error\u2010free cell classifier.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this paper we also extend the basic model to cover the case of random p, but by using an asymptotic expansion (rather than the Gaussian approximation), to develop an expression for N. We show that the limit cited by Timmers and Gelsema is not real, but is actually an artifact of the breakdown of the Gaussian approximation. This result means that any desired performance is, in fact, achievable, even with random p, (but potentially at the cost of very many cells examined). We also present a simple iterative design procedure using the basic model, and show that the cell classifier figure\u2010of\u2010merit from the earlier analysis remains valid for the case of random p. Using the Beta distribution, we examine numerically several situations to validate the extended model, and to illustrate the effects of the parameters. These results apply to all cell\u2010 and specimen\u2010classifier cascades, whether they are implemented by statistical techniques, neural networks, or other means. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990140103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,8]],"date-time":"2005-08-08T15:25:25Z","timestamp":1123514725000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of random abnormal cell proportion on specimen classifier performance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Castleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"136","article-title":"Estimation of the proportion of patients with a very low number of tumor cells from carcinoma in situ in cervical smears","volume":"1","author":"Bartels Ph","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytol Histol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"366","article-title":"Estimation Procedure for the Cellular Composition of Cervical Smears","volume":"19","author":"Bhattacharya PK","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Asymptotic Expansions of Integrals","author":"Bleistein N","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Optimizing cervical cell classifiers","volume":"2","author":"Castleman KR","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytol Histol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1980.6592366"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990010211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990020304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990080306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/24.1.1254910"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"Mathsoft Inc.201 Broadway Cambridge MA 02139 USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990060105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition of Cytological Specimens Academisch Proefschrift","author":"Timmers T","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(81)90092-3"}],"container-title":["Cytometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcyto.990140103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cyto.990140103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:59:33Z","timestamp":1698281973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cyto.990140103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cyto.990140103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.990140103","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-4763","1097-0320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-4763","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]}}}