{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:12:57Z","timestamp":1789913577071,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]],"date-time":"2006-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical spectrum of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a chronic intracellular parasitic disease, ranges from a subclinical, asymptomatic infection to severe clinical disease (kala\u2010azar). In experimental leishmaniasis, mice that have a Th1 response to infection tend to have limited disease while a Th2 response is associated with disease progression. Humans with VL most often have mixed rather than polarized responses. However, most clinical studies have used methods that require a relatively large sample volume, thus limiting their scope. Measuring multiple cytokine levels in blood samples using a multiplexed microsphere assay (MMA) may be useful to further evaluate the Th1\/Th2 paradigm in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bangladeshi individuals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 120) living in an area endemic for VL were categorized into one of the five clinical categories. Sera from these individuals were measured for levels of IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, IL\u201012, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 by multiplexed microsphere cytokine immunoassay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circulating IL\u20108, IL\u201010, and IL\u201012 differed significantly among the clinical groups. Persons with kala\u2010azar demonstrated the highest median levels of IL\u20108 and IL\u201010 but lower median levels of IL\u201012.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MMA for cytokines is an extremely time\u2010and sample\u2010efficient method for characterizing circulating cytokine levels in visceral leishmaniasis patients. \u00a9 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]],"date-time":"2006-04-07T22:47:00Z","timestamp":1144450020000},"page":"353-358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Multiplex analysis of circulating cytokines in the sera of patients with different clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69A","author":[{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Kurkjian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida J.","family":"Mahmutovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Kellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashidul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caryn","family":"Bern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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