{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:38:54Z","timestamp":1786977534631,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,28]],"date-time":"2006-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n All slide\u2010based fluorescence cytometry detections systems basically include an excitation light source, intermediate optics, and a detection device (CCD or PMT). Occasionally, this equipment becomes unstable, generating unreliable and inferior data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A number of tests have been devised to evaluate equipment performance and instability. The following four instability tests are described: galvanometer scanning, stage drift, correct wavelength spectral detection, and long\u2010term laser power.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Quality assurance tests revealed that a confocal microscope can become unstable in the following parameters, yielding inaccurate data: laser power, PMTs functionality, spectrophotometer accuracy, galvanometer scanning and laser stability, and stage drift. Long\u2010term laser power stability has been observed to vary greatly.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Confocal systems can become unstable in the following parameters: long\u2010term laser power, galvanometer scanning, spectrophotometer accuracy, and stage stability. Instability in any of these parameters will affect image quality. Laser power fluctuations result from either a defective Acousto\u2010optic tunable filter or improper heat dissipation. Spectrophotometer instability will generate unreliable spectra data, extra light reflections, and poor image quality. Galvanometer scanning instability yields poor image quality while microscope stage drift results in a sample going out of the plane of focus. With minor modifications, these tests may be applicable to other slide\u2010based systems. \u00a9 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,28]],"date-time":"2006-06-28T13:59:49Z","timestamp":1151503189000},"page":"677-690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Quality assessment of confocal microscopy slide\u2010based systems: Instability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69A","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Zucker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.10099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"92","article-title":"New technologies for the human cytome project","volume":"18","author":"Tarnok A","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0320(20010801)44:4<273::AID-CYTO1120>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0320(20010801)44:4<295::AID-CYTO1121>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Cell Imaging Techniques","author":"Zucker RM","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.1999.0812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","series-title":"Cell Biology","first-page":"149","author":"Centonze V","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy","author":"Sheppard CJR","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Methods of Cell Biology","author":"Marjlof L","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","series-title":"Confocal Microscopy Methods and Protocols","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Methods Mol Biol","author":"Carter D","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-5348-6_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy","author":"Pawley J","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/00285bt01"}],"container-title":["Cytometry Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcyto.a.20313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cyto.a.20313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T23:48:35Z","timestamp":1694476115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cyto.a.20313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,28]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cyto.a.20313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.a.20313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4922","1552-4930"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4922","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4930","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,28]]}}}