{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:51:45Z","timestamp":1790243505788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000106","name":"Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000106","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Chlamydiaceae<\/jats:italic> is a family of intracellular bacteria causing a range of diverse pathological outcomes. The most devastating human diseases are ocular infections with <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> leading to blindness and genital infections causing pelvic inflammatory disease with long\u2010term sequelae including infertility and chronic pelvic pain. In order to enable the comparison of experiments between laboratories investigating host\u2010chlamydia interactions, the infectious titer has to be determined. Titer determination of chlamydia is most commonly performed via microscopy of host cells infected with a serial dilution of chlamydia. However, other methods including fluorescent ELISpot (Fluorospot) and DNA Chip Scanning Technology have also been proposed to enumerate chlamydia\u2010infected cells. For viruses, flow cytometry has been suggested as a superior alternative to standard titration methods. In this study we compared the use of flow cytometry with microscopy and Fluorospot for the titration of <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic> as a representative of other intracellular bacteria. Titer determination via Fluorospot was unreliable, while titration via microscopy led to a linear read\u2010out range of 16\u2009\u2212\u200964 dilutions and moderate reproducibility with acceptable standard deviations within and between investigators. In contrast, flow cytometry had a vast linear read\u2010out range of 1,024 dilutions and the lowest standard deviations given a basic training in these methods. In addition, flow cytometry was faster and material costs were lower compared to microscopy. Flow cytometry offers a fast, cheap, precise, and reproducible alternative for the titration of intracellular bacteria like <jats:italic>C. suis<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T17:50:36Z","timestamp":1454694636000},"page":"451-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Flow cytometry as an improved method for the titration of <i>Chlamydiaceae<\/i> and other intracellular bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"K\u00e4ser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Pasternak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Hamonic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Delgado\u2010Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Gerdts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Home of the International Vaccine Centre (InterVac), University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Meurens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes\u2010Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences and Engineering, UMR BioEpAR, LUNAM Universit\u00e9, Oniris Nantes F\u201044307 France"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Risk Analysis in Animal Health, CS 40706, INRA, UMR1300 Biology Nantes F\u201044307 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1551"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(01)00226-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01400-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00460-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02764-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1153","article-title":"The development of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions within the host eukaryotic cell during interphase and mitosis","volume":"135","author":"Campbell S","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25258"}],"container-title":["Cytometry Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcyto.a.22822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cyto.a.22822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T14:23:56Z","timestamp":1696602236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cyto.a.22822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cyto.a.22822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.a.22822","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4922","1552-4930"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4922","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4930","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]}}}