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The typical bacterial loads in adult septic patients are \u2264100 bacterial cells (colony forming units, CFU) per ml blood, while pediatric patients exhibit only \u223c1000 CFU\/ml. Due to the low numbers, bacteria must be propagated through \u223c24\u2010hours blood cultures to generate sufficient CFUs for diagnosis and further analyses. Herein, we demonstrate that, unlike other rapid post\u2010blood culture antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs), our phenotypic approach can drastically accelerate ASTs for the most common sepsis\u2010causing gram\u2010negative pathogens by circumventing long blood culture\u2010based amplification. For all blood isolates of multi\u2010drug resistant pathogens investigated (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter nosocomialis<\/jats:italic>), effective antibiotic(s) were readily identified within the equivalent of 8 hours from initial blood draw using &lt;0.5 mL of adult blood per antibiotic. These methods should drastically improve patient outcomes by significantly reducing time to actionable treatment information and reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance. \u00a9 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.23370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T16:12:22Z","timestamp":1525709542000},"page":"639-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["FAST: Rapid determinations of antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes using label\u2010free cytometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Tzu\u2010Hsueh","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332\u20100400"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yih\u2010Ling","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Dickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry &amp; 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