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Here, we present a refractive index\u2013correlated pseudocoloring (RICP) framework that integrates quantitative refractive index (RI) maps obtained by holotomography (HT) with color BF images to enhance subcellular visualization and image interpretability. A digital micromirror device (DMD)\u2013based HT system combined with an RGB LED illumination module enabled sequential acquisition of RI tomograms and BF images from Papanicolaou (PAP)\u2010stained thyroid samples over the same field of view. The RICP algorithm adaptively embeds RI\u2010derived structural information into a complementary hue channel while preserving the overall BF appearance. Applied to benign and malignant thyroid clusters, RICP highlighted subcellular features such as nucleoli, lipid droplets, and nuclear irregularities. Hue\u2013saturation analysis revealed differences between benign and malignant clusters, while complementary image\u2010fusion metrics and delentropy analysis both indicated systematic changes in structural image content after fusion. An ablation analysis further showed that the RI\u2010derived input contributes structural content beyond that obtained when the RI map is replaced by an inverted Value channel of the BF image in HSV space within the same pseudocoloring framework. These results indicate that RICP provides a perceptually grounded approach for correlative multimodal visualization that bridges conventional color cytology and quantitative optical imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T11:41:01Z","timestamp":1781696461000},"page":"500-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Refractive Index\u2013Correlated Pseudocoloring for Adaptive Color Fusion in Holotomographic Cytology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Minseok","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8714-9729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal","family":"Lifshitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology KAIST  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0330-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology KAIST  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seog Yun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5485-4288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology KAIST  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0098-0873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Cancer Center  Goyang South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0528-6661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"YongKeun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology KAIST  Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Tomocube Inc.  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