{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:49:51Z","timestamp":1761511791029},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,21]],"date-time":"2003-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1045785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Part B Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among all hematologic malignancies, B\u2010cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) has the highest familial clustering (three\u2010 to sevenfold increase), strongly suggesting a genetic component to its etiology. Familial BCLL can be used as a model to study the early pathogenesis of this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined nine kindreds from the National Cancer Institute's Familial BCLL Registry, consisting of 19 affected members with BCLL and 33 clinically unaffected first\u2010degree relatives. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping to detect a B\u2010cell monoclonal lymphocytosis (BCML) was performed. Monoclonality was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of whole blood DNA. Cell cycle analysis for aneuploidy was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all affected individuals, we observed the classic BCLL CD5\/CD19\/CD20\/CD23 immunophenotypic patterns. Six of the 33 unaffected individuals (18%) had evidence of BCML. Additional individuals (13\/33, 39%) showed some other abnormality, whereas 14 individuals (42%) were normal. Based on an estimated prevalence of 0.7% for BCML in the general population, the finding of six subjects (18%) with clonal abnormalities in this relatively modest sample was significantly greater than expected (i.e., 18% vs. 0.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 5.7 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual components of BCML and other B\u2010cell abnormalities were observed in almost half of the apparently unaffected individuals. Our findings suggested that BCML may be an early detectable abnormality in BCLL. The spectrum of some of these observed abnormalities suggested the involvement of different B\u2010cell subpopulations or different pathways in clonal evolution. Population\u2010based, longitudinal studies will be required to determine the incidence of BCML and other B\u2010cell abnormalities and their relation to disease progression in BCLL and other closely related B\u2010cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 52B:1\u201312, 2003. 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