{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:36:49Z","timestamp":1773103009543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,14]],"date-time":"2004-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1087171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Part B Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is an occupational granulomatous disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to beryllium, mediated by CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes, and predominantly affects the lungs. In this disorder, lymphocyte proliferative responses to beryllium, measured by <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H thymidine incorporation, are used for diagnosis of CBD, for screening asymptomatic workers or former workers to detect unrecognized disease, and for surveillance as a bioassay to detect abnormal exposures. Problems with test variability and the use of radioactivity have recently led to the search for alternative methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We applied a 5,6\u2010carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester flow cytometric technique for measurement of mitogen\u2010 and antigen\u2010induced T\u2010lymphocyte proliferation to a group of beryllium\u2010exposed sensitized individuals and beryllium\u2010unexposed controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We detected mitogen and antigen proliferative responses in CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> subpopulations. Phytohemagglutinin and <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> stimulated CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses, but beryllium appeared to stimulate only CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This technique may provide a sensitive, nonradioactive alternative to the traditional proliferation tests that measure beryllium sensitivity. It offers the added specificity of enabling phenotypic description of the responding cell type and may prove to be easier to standardize for clinical use. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,15]],"date-time":"2004-06-15T18:02:59Z","timestamp":1087322579000},"page":"23-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Flow cytometric test for beryllium sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60B","author":[{"given":"Tatyana N.","family":"Milovanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sicco H.","family":"Popma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sindhu","family":"Cherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonni S.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton D.","family":"Rossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-5-687"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198907000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.6.1479"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"945","article-title":"Chronic beryllium disease: diagnosis and management","volume":"104","author":"Rossman MD","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"267","article-title":"Beryllium disease screening in the ceramics industry. 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