{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:34:04Z","timestamp":1790386444088,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Part B Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, characterized by the deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) that anchors proteins in cell membranes. PNH is manifest variously with hemoglobinuria, thrombosis, or bone marrow failure. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing the incidence and characteristics of patients diagnosed with PNH in the King Fisal Specialist Hospital and research center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients referred for PNH diagnosis at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, during the 2\u2010year period (2012\u20132013) were included in the analysis. Peripheral blood samples were used for multi\u2010parametric flow cytometry analysis based on fluorescent inactive aerolysin (FLAER), and the markers, CD235a and CD59 on red blood cells (RBCs), and CD14, CD45, CD64, CD24, and CD15 on white blood cells (WBCs) exclusively monocytes and granulocytes. Univariate analysis of the disease characteristics was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 366 samples submitted for PNH screening, 14 were positive (4%) and 11 were evaluable. Of the 11 patients analyzed, 8 patients (73%) presented with aplastic anemia, 1 patient (9%) each with pancytopenia, Budd\u2010Chiari syndrome, and immune thrombocytopenia purpura. All samples showed type II and III GPI\u2010deficient clones with a median clone size of 15% (range, 0.7%\u201356%) in the RBCs, and 63% (range, 3.8%\u2013100%) in WBCs (monocytes and granulocytes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirms the rarity of PNH and its predominant presentation as aplastic anemia or thrombosis in a Saudi Arabian population, similar to the worldwide incidence. \u00a9 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,22]],"date-time":"2015-08-22T02:21:15Z","timestamp":1440210075000},"page":"389-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Flow cytometry screening for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: A single\u2010center experience in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Nahlah","family":"AlGhasham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, College of Medicine Qassim University Qassim Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Abulkhair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Hematology Section King Khalid University Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salem","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2004.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2008.1.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-133918"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511093331904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)12360-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-094136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(55)90177-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196607212750308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"1326","article-title":"Blood cell flow cytometry in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: A tool for measuring the extent of the PNH clone","volume":"10","author":"Alfinito F","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/114.3.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20151"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20438"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Flowcytometric screening for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria abnormal clones","volume":"1","author":"Khalil S","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20525","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and related disorders by flow cytometry","volume":"78","author":"Borowitz MJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPMRDZZFQM7YJ4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2011.1.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V116.21.1525.1525","article-title":"Evaluation of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria disease burden: The patient's perspective. A report from the International PNH Registry","volume":"116","author":"Muus P","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1967.tb08736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","article-title":"Incidence of PNH clones by diagnostic code utilizing high sensitivity flow cytometry","volume":"118","author":"Movalia MK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood (Abstracts from the 2011 American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting)"}],"container-title":["Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcyto.b.21317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cyto.b.21317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T17:47:31Z","timestamp":1718041651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cyto.b.21317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cyto.b.21317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.b.21317","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4949","1552-4957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4949","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]}}}