{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:27:25Z","timestamp":1790270845439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]],"date-time":"2017-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F30 CA168358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F30 CA168358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA102667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA102667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01CA102667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01CA102667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F30CA168358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F30CA168358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Part B Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Palatine tonsils are principally B cell organs that are the initial line of defense against many oral pathogens, as well as the site of infection for others. While the size of palatine tonsils changes greatly in the first five years of life, the cellular changes during this period are not well studied. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a common orally transmitted virus that infects tonsillar B cells. Na\u00efve B cells are thought to be the target of primary infection with EBV in vivo, suggesting that they are targeted by the virus. EBV enters B cells through CD21, but studies of older children and adults have not shown differences in surface CD21 between na\u00efve B cells and other tonsil B cell populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we used an 11\u2010color flow cytometry panel to detail the changes in B cell subpopulations in human tonsils over the first five years of life from 33 healthy US children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide reference ranges for tonsil B cell subpopulations over this age range. We show that the frequency of na\u00efve tonsil B cells decreases over the early years of life, and that na\u00efve B cells expressed higher surface levels of CD21 relative to other tonsil B cell populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that young children have a higher frequency of na\u00efve tonsil B cells, and importantly that these cells express increased surface EBV receptor, suggesting that young children have a larger pool of cells that can be infected by the virus. \u00a9 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T15:52:36Z","timestamp":1504885956000},"page":"291-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Changes in Tonsil B Cell Phenotypes and EBV Receptor Expression in Children Under 5\u2010Years\u2010Old"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0116-6112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric M.","family":"Wohlford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology State University of New York, Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Baresel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology State University of New York, Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel R.","family":"Wilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology State University of New York, Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Mortelliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences and Department of Pediatrics State University of New York, Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie B.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Denver Colorado Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Rochford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology State University of New York, Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Denver Colorado Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197101142840201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000024354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290100210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"The B\u2010cell development in tonsillar lymphoid follicles","volume":"523","author":"Brandtzaeg P.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Oto\u2010Laryngol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01307-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"JanewayCAJr. TraversP WalportM et al. 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