{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:50:19Z","timestamp":1790718619148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Part B Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a strong independent poor prognostic factor for acute leukemia. Multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) is a commonly used MRD detection method. However, FCM MRD detection is not well standardized, and the interpretation is subjective. There are normal\/reactive minor cell populations in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB), which could be confused with MRD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FCM data of 231 BM and 44\u2009PB pediatric samples performed in a recent 15\u2010month period were retrospectively reviewed. These samples were from 56 B\u2010lymphoblastic leukemia (B\u2010ALL) patients, 11 T\u2010lymphoblastic leukemia (T\u2010ALL) patients, 28 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)\/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, 44 cytopenia\/leukocytosis patients, and five patients with mycosis fungoides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were over 10 normal or reactive minor cell populations identified with certain phenotypes mimicking MRD of acute leukemia. These mimickers included CD19+ NK cells, CD22+ basophils, CD22+ dendritic cells (DCs), and plasma cells for B\u2010ALL MRD; CD4\/8 double\u2010negative T cells, CD4\/8 double\u2010positive T cells, cytoplasmic CD3+ NK cells, CD2\u2212 T cells, CD7\u2212 T cells, CD5\u2212 gamma delta T cells, CD56+ NKT cells for T\u2010ALL MRD; CD33+ NK cells, CD117+ NK cells, basophils, plasmacytoid DCs, non\u2010classical monocytes, CD56+ and\/or CD61+ monocytes for AML MRD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data confirm the presence of a variety of normal\/reactive minor cell populations that could mimic MRD of acute leukemia by FCM. Recognizing these MRD mimickers is important for correct FCM MRD interpretation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T15:57:10Z","timestamp":1605542230000},"page":"590-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Normal or reactive minor cell populations in bone marrow and peripheral blood mimic minimal residual leukemia by flow cytometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4922-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Mercy Hospital  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Mercy Hospital  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxanne","family":"Nieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Mercy Hospital  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Mercy Hospital  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahibu Sultan M.","family":"Habeebu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Mercy Hospital  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atif A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Mercy Hospital  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.11.3574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V64.1.139.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0580"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-132837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2016.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-082206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030930"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199809057558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030729"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19991101)37:3<178::AID-CYTO3>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0320(20000701)40:3<251::AID-CYTO11>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-813-ISOBBM"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.222"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.6.1876","article-title":"Expression of cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon proteins in activated human adult natural killer (NK) cells and CD3 gamma, delta, epsilon complexes in fetal NK cells. 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