{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:51:18Z","timestamp":1790754678639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004099","name":"Ligue Contre le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Equipe labellis\u00e9e Ligue"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Equipe labellis\u00e9e Ligue"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Part B Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differential diagnosis of Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia (WM) with other indolent B\u2010cell malignancies is still a challenge. Here, we propose an original and simple analysis of routine flow cytometry (FCM) unraveling the characteristic ongoing plasma cell (PC) differentiation of WM tumor B\u2010cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>FCM analysis of both B\u2010cells and PC was performed on a series of 77 patients with IgM peak. <jats:italic>MYD88<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CXCR4<\/jats:italic> mutations were studied using an allele\u2010specific PCR and by high throughput sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty seven (35%), 46 (58%) and 4 (5%) patients were classified as WM, IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or other B\u2010NHL respectively. <jats:italic>MYD88<\/jats:italic> mutation was found in 25\/27 WM (93%) and in 29\/46 MGUS (63%). Using FCM, monotypic B\u2010cells were found in 27\/27 WM (100%) and 34\/46 MGUS (74%). Monotypic CD138pos\/CD38pos PCs were detected in 23\/27 WM (85%) and 25\/46 MGUS (54%). Highlighting the ongoing PC differentiation of WM tumor B\u2010cells by FCM, we evidenced a CD138 expression <jats:italic>continuum<\/jats:italic> between monotypic B\u2010cells and PCs. This pattern remained absent in control samples and was significantly associated with higher IgM peaks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06.10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>) and <jats:italic>MYD88<\/jats:italic> mutations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>) in both WM and MGUS cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FCM exploration of both B\u2010cells and PC led to identify a CD138 expression <jats:italic>continuum<\/jats:italic> as an objective marker of ongoing PC differentiation of WM tumor cells and was strongly associated with increased IgM peak levels and <jats:italic>MYD88<\/jats:italic> mutations. This approach could contribute to place FCM at the forefront of WM diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T05:20:16Z","timestamp":1614316816000},"page":"62-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Flow cytometry detection of <scp>CD138<\/scp> expression continuum between monotypic B and plasma cells is associated with both high <scp>IgM<\/scp> peak levels and <scp>MYD88<\/scp> mutation and contributes to diagnosis of Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Mylene","family":"Gayet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Hematology Department University Hospital Dupuytren  Limoges 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