{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:36:43Z","timestamp":1790797003042,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Part B Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flow cytometry is widely used for B\u2010ALL minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis given its speed, availability, and sensitivity; however, distinguishing B\u2010lymphoblasts from regenerative B\u2010cells is not always straightforward. Radar plots, which project multiple markers onto a single plot, have been applied to other MRD analyses. Here we aimed to develop optimized radar plots for B\u2010ALL MRD analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compiled Children's Oncology Group (COG) flow data from 20 MRD\u2010positive and 9 MRD\u2010negative B\u2010ALL cases (enriched for hematogones) to create labeled training and test data sets with equal numbers of B\u2010lymphoblasts, hematogones, and mature B\u2010cells. We used an automated approach to create hundreds of radar plots and ranked them based on the ability of support vector machine (SVM) models to separate blasts from normal B\u2010cells in the training data set. Top\u2010performing radar plots were compared with PCA, t\u2010SNE, and UMAP plots, evaluated with the test data set, and integrated into clinical workflows.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SVM area under the ROC curve (AUC) for COG tube 1\/2 radar plots improved from 0.949\/0.921 to 0.989\/0.968 after optimization. Performance was superior to PCA plots and comparable to UMAP, but with better generalizability to new data. When integrated into an MRD workflow, optimized radar plots distinguished B\u2010lymphoblasts from other CD19\u2010positive populations. MRD quantified by radar plots and serial gating were strongly correlated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radar plots were successfully optimized to discriminate between diverse B\u2010lymphoblast populations and non\u2010malignant CD19\u2010positive populations in B\u2010ALL MRD analysis. Our novel radar plot optimization strategy could be adapted to other MRD panels and clinical scenarios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.22084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T12:56:58Z","timestamp":1655816218000},"page":"342-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Machine learning optimized multiparameter radar plots for <scp>B\u2010cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia<\/scp> minimal residual disease analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3988-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin E.","family":"Shopsowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematopathology British Columbia Children's Hospital  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audi","family":"Setiadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Division of Hematopathology British Columbia Children's Hospital  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Al\u2010Bakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Vercauteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Division of Hematopathology British Columbia Children's Hospital  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316218549.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21875"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39631-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-03-633685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121546"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-019-03642-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.116707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v028.i05"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/15-EJS1035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"McInnesL 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Cytometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cyto.b.22084","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cyto.b.22084","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cyto.b.22084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T08:16:10Z","timestamp":1692778570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cyto.b.22084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cyto.b.22084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.b.22084","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4949","1552-4957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4949","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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