{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T04:46:56Z","timestamp":1775191616517,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytometry Part B Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detection of measurable residual disease detection (MRD) by flow cytometry after the first course of chemotherapy is a standard measure of early response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myeloid leukemia associated with Down Syndrome (ML\u2010DS) is a distinct form of AML. Differences in steady\u2010state and regenerating hematopoiesis between patients with or without DS are not well understood. This understanding is essential to accurately determine the presence of residual leukemia in patients with ML\u2010DS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A standardized antibody panel defined quantitative antigen expression in 115 follow\u2010up bone marrow (BM) aspirates from 45 patients following chemotherapy for ML\u2010DS or DS precursor B\u2010cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B\u2010ALL\u2010DS) with the \u201cdifference from normal (\u0394<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>)\u201d technique. When possible, FISH and SNP\/CGH microarray studies were performed on sorted cell fractions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>93% of BM specimens submitted post chemotherapy had a clearly identifiable CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> population present between 0.06% and 2.6% of total non\u2010erythroid cells. An overlapping CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>heterogeneous<\/jats:sup> population was observed among 92% of patients at a lower frequency (0.04%\u20130.8% of total non\u2010erythroid cells). In B\u2010ALL\u2010DS patients, the same CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>heterogeneous<\/jats:sup> expression was observed. FACS\u2010FISH\/Array studies demonstrated no residual genetic clones in the DS\u2010specific myeloid progenitor cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010malignant myeloid progenitors in the regenerating BM of patients who have undergone chemotherapy for either ML\u2010DS or B\u2010ALL\u2010DS express an immunophenotype that is different from normal BM of non\u2010DS patients. Awareness of this DS\u2010specific non\u2010malignant myeloid progenitor is essential to the interpretation of MRD by flow cytometry in patients with ML\u2010DS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.22118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T02:31:04Z","timestamp":1680661864000},"page":"311-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The impact of Down syndrome\u2010specific non\u2010malignant hematopoietic regeneration in the bone marrow on the detection of leukemic measurable residual disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5366-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan\u2010Chi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematologics, Inc.  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