{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:25:00Z","timestamp":1789907100997,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":649,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Depress Anxiety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/da.22219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T09:33:40Z","timestamp":1385026420000},"page":"429-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["GLUCOCORTICOIDS ENHANCE IN VIVO EXPOSURE-BASED THERAPY OF SPIDER PHOBIA"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Leila M.","family":"Soravia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Heinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Winzeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Fisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dierks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Strik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Psychiatry; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan G.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology; Boston University; Boston; Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique J.-F.","family":"de Quervain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Psychiatric University Clinics; Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0001|da22219-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009","article-title":"Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"53","author":"Magee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0002|da22219-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(88)90004-7","article-title":"Gender differences in phobias: results of the ECA community survey","volume":"2","author":"Bourdon","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0003|da22219-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0415","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"69","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0004|da22219-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01326-9","article-title":"Social anxiety disorder: trends and translational research","volume":"51","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0005|da22219-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01183-0","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: current status and future directions","volume":"51","author":"Heimberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0006|da22219-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.10.011","article-title":"Enhancing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders with glucocorticoids: from basic mechanisms of emotional learning to clinical applications","volume":"24","author":"Bentz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0007|da22219-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.10.006","article-title":"Extinction in human fear conditioning","volume":"60","author":"Hermans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0008|da22219-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.01.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of exposure therapy: how neuroscience can improve psychological treatments for anxiety disorders","volume":"27","author":"McNally","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0009|da22219-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.298","article-title":"Augmentation of exposure therapy with d-cycloserine for social anxiety disorder","volume":"63","author":"Hofmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0010|da22219-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.11.1136","article-title":"Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of d-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear","volume":"61","author":"Ressler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0011|da22219-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6621","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018214108","article-title":"Glucocorticoids enhance extinction-based psychotherapy","volume":"108","author":"Quervain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0012|da22219-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.03.005","article-title":"Treatment attrition during group therapy for social phobia","volume":"20","author":"Hofmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0013|da22219-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301555","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of extinction learning and retrieval","volume":"33","author":"Quirk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0014|da22219-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/29542","article-title":"Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory","volume":"394","author":"De Quervain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0015|da22219-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)90159-8","article-title":"Cortisol impairs free recall of long-term declarative memory in healthy human subjects","volume":"25","author":"Quervain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0016|da22219-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.03.002","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory in health and disease","volume":"30","author":"Quervain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0017|da22219-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5585","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509184103","article-title":"Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in humans","volume":"103","author":"Soravia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0018|da22219-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00058-X","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation","volume":"25","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0019|da22219-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00058-5","article-title":"Enhanced memory for emotional material following stress-level cortisol treatment in humans","volume":"26","author":"Buchanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0020|da22219-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1488","article-title":"Low-dose cortisol for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"161","author":"Aerni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0021|da22219-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1026\/\/0012-1924.45.3.163","article-title":"DIA-X-Interview","volume":"45","author":"Essau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0022|da22219-cit-0022","volume-title":"Instruktionsmanual zur Durchf\u00fchrung von DIA-X-Interviews","author":"Wittchen","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0023|da22219-cit-0023","first-page":"191","article-title":"The composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI): an epidemiologic instrument suitable for using in conjunction with different diagnostic systems in different cultures","volume":"37","author":"Rubio-Stipec","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0024|da22219-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1026\/\/0012-1924.48.3.141","article-title":"Reliability and validity of german versions of three instruments measuring fear of spider","volume":"48","author":"Rinck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0025|da22219-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(84)90061-5","article-title":"Questionnaire dimensions of spider phobia","volume":"22","author":"Watts","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0026|da22219-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)00072-T","article-title":"Fear of spider questionnaire","volume":"26","author":"Szymanski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0027|da22219-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5402.177","article-title":"Human experimentation. Code of ethics of the World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki","volume":"2","author":"Rickham","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0028|da22219-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6621","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018214108","article-title":"Glucocorticoids enhance extinction-based psychotherapy","volume":"108","author":"Quervain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0029|da22219-cit-0029","volume-title":"Spezifische Phobien","author":"Hamm","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0030|da22219-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203927526","volume-title":"Cognitive-Behavior Therapy of Social Anxiety Disorder: Evidence-based and Disorder Specific Treatment Techniques","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0031|da22219-cit-0031","volume-title":"State-Trait-Angstinventar theoretische Grundlagen und Handanweisung","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0032|da22219-cit-0032","volume-title":"Manual for the State-trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0033|da22219-cit-0033","volume-title":"Beck Depressionsinventar (BDI)","author":"Hautzinger","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0034|da22219-cit-0034","volume-title":"Psychoendokrinologie und Psychoimmunologie","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0035|da22219-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.04.013","article-title":"Stress and memory in humans: twelve years of progress","volume":"1293","author":"Wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0036|da22219-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000119004","article-title":"The \u2018Trier Social Stress Test\u2019-a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting","volume":"28","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0037|da22219-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.01.010","article-title":"Human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to acute psychosocial stress in laboratory settings","volume":"35","author":"Foley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0038|da22219-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.3.355","article-title":"Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research","volume":"130","author":"Dickerson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0039|da22219-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.04.001","article-title":"Glucocorticoids do not reduce subjective fear in healthy subjects exposed to social stress","volume":"81","author":"Soravia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0040|da22219-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(02)00306-9","article-title":"Role of adrenal stress hormones in forming lasting memories in the brain","volume":"12","author":"McGaugh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0041|da22219-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/73873","article-title":"Acute cortisone administration impairs retrieval of long-term declarative memory in humans","volume":"3","author":"De Quervain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0042|da22219-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2004.09.001","article-title":"Effects of oral cortisol treatment in healthy young women on memory retrieval of negative and neutral words","volume":"83","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learning Memory"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0043|da22219-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00043","article-title":"The psychophysiology of anxiety disorder: fear memory imagery","volume":"40","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0044|da22219-cit-0044","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders","author":"Lang","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0045|da22219-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","article-title":"Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective informatione","volume":"99","author":"Foa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0046|da22219-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000073872.85623.0C","article-title":"Salivary cortisol response during exposure treatment in driving phobics","volume":"65","author":"Alpers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0047|da22219-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9560","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2397-06.2006","article-title":"Postreactivation glucocorticoids impair recall of established fear memory","volume":"26","author":"Cai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1002\/da.22219-BIB0048|da22219-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.10.008","article-title":"Post-training administration of corticosterone enhances consolidation of contextual fear memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation in rats","volume":"91","author":"Abrari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learning Memory"}],"container-title":["Depression and Anxiety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fda.22219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/da.22219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T08:03:12Z","timestamp":1671523392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/da.22219"}},"subtitle":["Glucocorticoids Enhance In Vivo Exposure-based Therapy of Spider Phobia"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22219","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718185137.793491631","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1091-4269"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-4269","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]}}}