{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:41:33Z","timestamp":1786977693114,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":324,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz & Dem Diag Ass & Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is on the ascendancy in the US older adult population. The association between AUD and adverse brain outcomes remains inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n In a retrospective cohort design using US insurance claim data (2007\u20132020), 129,182 individuals with AUD were matched with 129,182 controls by age, sex, race, and clinical characteristics. We investigated the association between AUD and adverse brain outcomes using Cox analysis, Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis, and log\u2010rank test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After adjusting for covariates, AUD was associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (female adjusted hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a01.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68\u20131.90,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001; male adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a01.80, 95% CI: 1.71\u20131.91,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) and a higher risk of Parkinson's disease (female adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a01.49, 95% CI: 1.32\u20131.68,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001; male adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a01.42, 95% CI: 1.32\u20131.52,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) in the overall sample. In separate analyses of Black, White, and Hispanic individuals, those with AUD had higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (adjusted HRs \u22651.58;\n Ps<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.001). A significantly elevated risk for Parkinson's disease was found only in the White subpopulation (female adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a01.55, 95% CI: 1.36\u20131.77,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001; male adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a01.45, 95% CI: 1.33\u20131.57,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n AUD is associated with Alzheimer's disease. AUD is associated with Parkinson's disease in White people. Cognitive screening and neurological examination among older adults with AUD hold the promise for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n HIGHLIGHTS<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Alcohol use disorder is associated with Alzheimer's disease and dementia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Alcohol use disorder is associated with Parkinson's disease in White people.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T06:13:10Z","timestamp":1669011190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Alcohol use disorder is associated with higher risks of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: A study of US insurance claims data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pengyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard J.","family":"Edenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Nurnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongbing","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feixiong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Substance and Mental Health Services Sdministration (SAMHSA).2017 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Releases.2017. Accessed 07\/31 2021.https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/release\/2017\u2010national\u2010survey\u2010drug\u2010use\u2010and\u2010health\u2010nsduh\u2010releases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Substance and Mental Health Services Sdministration (SAMHSA).2019 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Releases.2019. Accessed 07\/31 2021.https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/release\/2019\u2010national\u2010survey\u2010drug\u2010use\u2010and\u2010health\u2010nsduh\u2010releases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327107070499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1233-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30022-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7922"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Alcohol\u2010Related ICD Codes.2021. Accessed 07\/31 2021.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/alcohol\/ardi\/alcohol\u2010related\u2010icd\u2010codes.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0117-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"GaspariniA.R Package \u2018comorbidity\u2019.2022; Accessed 03\/07 2022.https:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/web\/packages\/comorbidity\/comorbidity.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829d8599"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"issue":"53","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","author":"Kaplan E","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration","volume":"50","author":"Mantel N","year":"1966","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16101180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"Kaiser Family Foundation (KKF).A Dozen Facts About Medicare Advantage in 2020.2021. Accessed 08\/07 2021.https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicare\/issue\u2010brief\/a\u2010dozen\u2010facts\u2010about\u2010medicare\u2010advantage\u2010in\u20102020"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"1655","article-title":"Alcohol use in adults","volume":"368","author":"Friedmann PD","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.12370","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dad2.12370","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.12370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T17:51:34Z","timestamp":1760377894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dad2.12370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dad2.12370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.12370","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.742764688.793600648","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2352-8729","2352-8729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8729","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12370"}}