{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T19:48:14Z","timestamp":1782416894941,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG051412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG051412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG014673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG014673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HD35897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HD35897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vary in their age of transition from AD preclinical to prodromal or more advanced clinical stages. An empirically based method is needed to determine individual \u201cestimated years from symptom onset (EYO),\u201d the same construct used in studies of autosomal dominant AD .<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Archived data from a previous study of &gt; 600 adults with DS were examined using survival analysis methods. Age\u2010specific prevalence of prodromal AD or dementia, cumulative risk, and EYOs were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individualized EYOs for adults with DS ranging in age from 30 to 70+ were determined, dependent upon chronological age and clinical status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>EYOs can be a useful tool for studies focused on biomarker changes during AD progression in this and other populations at risk, studies that should contribute to improved methods for diagnosis, prediction of risk, and identification of promising treatment targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>HIGHLIGHTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Years from Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset (EYO) was estimated for adults with Down syndrome (DS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>EYOs were informed by AD clinical status and age, ranging from 30 to &gt; 70 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Influences of biological sex and apolipoprotein E genotype on EYOs were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>EYOs have advantages for predicting risk of AD\u2010related dementia compared to age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>EYOs can be extremely informative in studies of preclinical AD progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:47Z","timestamp":1687910447000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Individualized estimated years from onset of Alzheimer's disease\u2013 related decline for adults with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wayne","family":"Silverman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Krinsky\u2010McHale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Listwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah I.","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren B.","family":"Zigman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Schupf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311\u2010016\u20100481\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010018\u20100459\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jad\u2010140843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Association As. 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