{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:43:23Z","timestamp":1790095403042,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG066837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG066837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG021917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG021917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG079289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG079289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess whether midlife sensory and motor functions improve risk prediction of 10\u2010year cognitive decline and impairment when added to risk prediction models using the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia Score (CAIDE) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal data of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01529 (mean age 49 years; 54% women) Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) participants from baseline, 5 and 10\u2010year follow\u2010up were included. We tested whether including baseline sensory (hearing, vision, olfactory) impairment and motor function improves CAIDE or FRS risk predictions of 10\u2010year cognitive decline or cognitive impairment incidence using logistic regressions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adding sensory and motor measures to CAIDE\u2010only and FRS\u2010only models significantly improved areas under the curve for cognitive decline and impairment models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Including midlife sensory and motor function improved risk predictions of long\u2010term cognitive decline and impairment in middle\u2010aged to older adults. Sensory and motor assessments could contribute to cost\u2010effective and non\u2010invasive screening tools that identify high\u2010risk individuals earlier to target intervention and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Sensory and motor measures improve risk prediction models of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Sensory and motor measures improve risk prediction models of cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Prediction improvements were strongest in midlife (adults\u00a0&lt;\u00a055 years of age).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Sensory and motor changes may help identify high\u2010risk individuals early.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:59:20Z","timestamp":1706489960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Midlife sensory and motor functions improve long\u2010term predictions of cognitive decline and incidence of cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Carla R.","family":"Schubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Alex","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Statistics School of Computer, Data &amp; Information Sciences University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne D.","family":"Engelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Study Section, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Institute Section of Neuropsychology Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sterling C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1405-1218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascha","family":"Merten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PrinceM WimoA GuerchetM AliG\u2010C WuY\u2010T PrinaM World Alzheimer report 2015 the global impact of dementia an analysis of prevalence incidence cost and trends 2015. 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