{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T01:07:45Z","timestamp":1768352865496,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":66,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Typically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is not made at its earliest period, for instance, at mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD (E\u2010AD). Our study aims to demonstrate a correlation between the screening tools, including the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and the biological biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 1\u201042 (A\u03b242), phosphorylated tau (p\u2010tau) proteins and total tau (t\u2010tau)\/A\u03b242 ratio in Puerto Ricans\u00a0&gt;\u00a055 years old with MCI and E\u2010AD. We evaluated 30 participants, including demographics, memory scales, and CSF biomarkers. Twenty\u2010eight CSF biomarkers (A\u03b242, p\u2010tau protein, and t\u2010tau\/A\u03b242 ratio) were analyzed using the Meso Scale Discovery Platform (MSD). Associations between memory scales (MoCA, MMSE, CDR) and CSF markers were performed using Spearman rho correlation. Our study revealed a statistical association favoring a direct relationship between MMSE and MoCA with t\u2010tau\/A\u03b242 ratio in CSF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022, P\u00a0=\u00a00.035, respectively). We found a trend toward significance with an inverse relationship with MMSE and A\u03b242 (P\u00a0=\u00a00.069) and a direct relationship with MMSE and p\u2010tau (P\u00a0=\u00a00.098). MMSE and MoCA screening tests were identified with a statistically significant association with the CSF biomarkers, specifically t\u2010tau\/A\u03b242 ratio, in elderly Puerto Ricans with MCI and E\u2010AD. Puerto Ricans\u00a0&gt;\u00a055 years old with MCI and E\u2010AD could be screened confidently with MMSE and MoCA for a higher likelihood of earlier detection and, thus, initiation of disease\u2010modifying treatment and prompt non\u2010pharmacological interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T06:37:25Z","timestamp":1709793445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease: Which dementia screening test to use in elderly Puerto Ricans with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8848-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Campus School of Medicine Department of 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