{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1792995320557,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018956","name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with Down syndrome (DS) have a 75% to 90% lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD pathology begins a decade or more prior to onset of clinical AD dementia in people with DS. It is not clear if plasma biomarkers of AD pathology are correlated with early cognitive and functional impairments in DS, and if these biomarkers could be used to track the early stages of AD in DS or to inform inclusion criteria for clinical AD treatment trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This large cross\u2010sectional cohort study investigated the associations between plasma biomarkers of amyloid beta (A\u03b2)42\/40, total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) and cognitive (episodic memory, visual\u2013motor integration, and visuospatial abilities) and functional (adaptive behavior) impairments in 260 adults with DS without dementia (aged 25\u201381 years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In general linear models lower plasma A\u03b242\/40 was related to lower visuospatial ability, higher total tau was related to lower episodic memory, and higher NfL was related to lower visuospatial ability and lower episodic memory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma biomarkers may have utility in tracking AD pathology associated with early stages of cognitive decline in adults with DS, although associations were modest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers correlate with cognition prior to dementia in Down syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Lower plasma amyloid beta 42\/40 was related to lower visuospatial abilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Higher plasma total tau and neurofilament light chain were associated with lower cognitive performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Plasma biomarkers show potential for tracking early stages of AD symptomology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T01:58:38Z","timestamp":1713146318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cognitive and functional performance and plasma biomarkers of early Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily K.","family":"Schworer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Handen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Institute for Translational Research University of North Texas Health Science Center  Fort Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sid","family":"O'Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Institute for Translational Research University of North Texas Health Science Center  Fort Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie C.","family":"Peven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana L.","family":"Tudorascu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laisze","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Krinsky\u2010McHale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy L.","family":"Hom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel C. 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