{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:19:38Z","timestamp":1790605178794,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":80,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG055406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG055406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG067592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG067592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In observational studies, the association between alcohol consumption and dementia is mixed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics from genome\u2010wide association studies of weekly alcohol consumption and late\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease and one\u2010sample MR in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), wave 2012. Inverse variance weighted two\u2010stage regression provided odds ratios of association between alcohol exposure and dementia or cognitively impaired, non\u2010dementia relative to cognitively normal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alcohol consumption was not associated with late\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease using two\u2010sample MR (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a01.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.78, 1.72]). In HRS, doubling weekly alcohol consumption was not associated with dementia (African ancestries,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01,322, OR\u00a0=\u00a01.00, 95% CI [0.45, 2.25]; European ancestries,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a07,160, OR\u00a0=\u00a01.37, 95% CI [0.53, 3.51]) or cognitively impaired, non\u2010dementia (African ancestries,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01,322, OR\u00a0=\u00a01.17, 95% CI [0.69, 1.98]; European ancestries,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a07,160, OR\u00a0=\u00a00.75, 95% CI [0.47, 1.22]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol consumption was not associated with cognitively impaired, non\u2010dementia or dementia status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectionally in a large, diverse sample, alcohol appears protective for dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We apply two\u2010 and one\u2010sample Mendelian randomization to test inferred causality.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Mendelian randomization approaches show no association with alcohol and dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We conclude that alcohol consumption should not be considered protective.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T05:28:37Z","timestamp":1718861317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia with Mendelian randomization approaches among older adults in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhou","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Zawistowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Bakulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin B.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(21)00249\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Section 2 PE Tables\u2014Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables SAMHSA CBHSQ. Accessed August 9 2023.https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/rpt39441\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2021\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2021\/NSDUHDetTabsSect2pe2021.htm#tab2.25a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)30367\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010017\u20100225\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181a2fd07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2012.742488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010018\u20100453\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520\u2010020\u201001605\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.09.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010018\u20100307\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010019\u20100358\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ElsworthB LyonM AlexanderT et\u00a0al.The MRC IEU OpenGWAS data infrastructur. Published online 2020. doi:10.1101\/2020.08.10.244293bioRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.10.244293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/146277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Health and Retirement Study\u2014Quality Control Report for Genotypic Data\u2014Phase 4. Published online November 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596\u2010020\u20100353\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"HRS Polygenic Scores \u2013 Release 4","author":"Ware E","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031\u2010016\u20100804\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15555.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/em\u20102018\u20100024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010007\u20100202\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575\u2010022\u201000688\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.21451"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment &amp; Disease Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.12598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T18:45:56Z","timestamp":1760381156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dad2.12598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dad2.12598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.12598","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.12.22.23300298","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2352-8729","2352-8729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8729","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12598"}}