{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:32:48Z","timestamp":1787956368593,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG080991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG080991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG080624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG080624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG076234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG076234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG078154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG078154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56AG069880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AG069880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often misclassified in electronic health records (EHRs) when relying solely on diagnosis codes. This study aimed to develop a more accurate, computable phenotype (CP) for identifying AD patients using structured and unstructured EHR data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used EHRs from the University of Florida Health (UFHealth) system and created rule\u2010based CPs iteratively through manual chart reviews. The CPs were then validated using data from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and the University of Minnesota (UMN).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our best\u2010performing CP was \u201c\n                      <jats:italic>patient has at least 2 AD diagnoses and AD\u2010related keywords in AD encounters<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\u201d with an F1\u2010score of 0.817 at UF, 0.961 at UTHealth, and 0.623 at UMN, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed and validated rule\u2010based CPs for AD identification with good performance, which will be crucial for studies that aim to use real\u2010world data like EHRs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Developed a computable phenotype (CP) to identify Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using EHR data.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Utilized both structured and unstructured EHR data to enhance CP accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Achieved a high F1\u2010score of 0.817 at UFHealth, and 0.961 and 0.623 at UTHealth and UMN.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Validated the CP across different demographics, ensuring robustness and fairness.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T07:04:24Z","timestamp":1719990264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Develop and validate a computable phenotype for the identification of Alzheimer's disease patients using electronic health record data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0290-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoqi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Informatics &amp; Information Technology National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianchen","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Bost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics and Data Science School of Medicine, Yale  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Informatics University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingchuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"DeKosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Informatics and Data Science School of Medicine, Yale  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computational Health Sciences Department of Surgery University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2238-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes &amp; Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.042236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"NAPA\u2014National Alzheimer's Project Act.ASPE. Accessed March 25 2022.https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/collaborations\u2010committees\u2010advisory\u2010groups\/napa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"of the Commissioner O. Real\u2010World Evidence. Published April 7 2020. Accessed May 7 2020.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/science\u2010research\/science\u2010and\u2010research\u2010special\u2010topics\/real\u2010world\u2010evidence"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Office of the Commissioner. Real\u2010World Evidence. Published 2021. Accessed August 7 2021.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/science\u2010research\/science\u2010and\u2010research\u2010special\u2010topics\/real\u2010world\u2010evidence"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.052364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.041233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010019\u201000499\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010170572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u20102009\u20101099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Electronic Health Records\u2010Based Phenotyping. Published June 27 2014. Accessed May 15 2022.https:\/\/sites.duke.edu\/rethinkingclinicaltrials\/ehr\u2010phenotyping\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100041\u20101735619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"514","article-title":"Developing and validating a computable phenotype for the identification of transgender and gender nonconforming individuals and subgroups","volume":"2020","author":"Guo Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1638592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl\u20102013\u2010001935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl\u20102013\u2010001939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"Ad_ehr_computable_phenotype","author":"He X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"About Us \u00bb Integrated Data Repository Research Services \u00bb Clinical and Translational Science Institute \u00bb University of Florida. Accessed April 6 2022.https:\/\/idr.ufhealth.org\/about\u2010us\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"CarlsonC Group Health Cooperative. Dementia. PheKB. Accessed April 19 2022.https:\/\/phekb.org\/phenotype\/dementia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2020.2975749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746\u2010022\u201000742\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746\u2010023\u201000958\u2010w"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment &amp; Disease Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.12613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T10:50:34Z","timestamp":1760352634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dad2.12613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dad2.12613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.12613","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.02.06.24302389","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2352-8729","2352-8729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8729","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12613"}}