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We visually evaluated EPVS in basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and cortical superficial siderosis. We used a neuropsychological test battery to assess cognitive function. Data were analyzed using general linear models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater BG\u2010EPVS load was associated with lower <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores in memory, verbal fluency, and global cognition (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05); these associations became non\u2010significant when controlling for other cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers (e.g., WMHs, lacunes, and mixed CMBs).\u00a0Overall, CSO\u2010EPVS load was not associated with cognitive <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;\u00a00.05); among apolipoprotein E (<jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>) \u2010\u03b54 carriers, greater CSO\u2010EPVS load was associated with lower verbal fluency <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score, even when controlling for other CSVD markers (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The associations of BG\u2010EPVS with poor cognitive function in older adults are largely attributable to other CSVD markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>HIGHLIGHTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The association of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) with cognitive function in older people is poorly defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The association of basal ganglia (BG)\u2010EPVS with poor cognition is attributed to other cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In apolipoprotein E (<jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>) \u03b54 carriers, a higher centrum semiovale (CSO)\u2010EPVS load is associated with poorer verbal fluency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T06:58:23Z","timestamp":1721717903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association of enlarged perivascular spaces with cognitive function in dementia\u2010free older adults: A population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mingqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan Shandong P. 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