{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:54:58Z","timestamp":1775026498422,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eye movement alterations are effective biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examines task\u2010evoked pupillary responses (TEPRs) as potential biomarkers of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the symptomatic stage preceding AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prospective cohort study included 213 MCI patients and 514 cognitively normal controls (CNs). Participants performed a prosaccade (PS) or antisaccade (AS) task while their eye movements were tracked using a Tobii Pro Spectrum system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CNs showed unique TEPRs linked to better performance, characterized by larger baselines, greater PS target\u2010onset variability, and smaller AS target\u2010onset variability. Conversely, for MCI patients, better performance was linked to larger AS target\u2010onset sizes. Furthermore, MCI patients displayed reduced dilation during the cue and target\u2010onset periods compared to CNs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>MCI patients showed altered pupillary response patterns associated with cognitive task performance, highlighting the potential of oculomotor changes as a biomarker for early cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>MCI patients displayed markedly smaller pupil dilation than CNs in response to cue and target stimuli.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>For MCI patients, larger pupil size upon target appearance during antisaccades correlated with better performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Faster and more consistent prosaccades were linked to better performance in both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>For MCI patients, the association between longer AS latencies and better performance was more pronounced than in CNs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Combined analysis of TEPRs and saccade performances in a sizeable cohort strengthens the generalizability of our findings to the broader MCI population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T09:01:59Z","timestamp":1728550919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Task\u2010evoked pupillary responses as potential biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Julius","family":"Opwonya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"Korean Convergence Medical Science University of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kahye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (GARD) Cohort Research Center Chosun University Gwangju South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science Chosun University Gwangju South Korea"},{"name":"Dementia Research Group Korea Brain Research Institute Daegu South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joong Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"Korean Convergence Medical Science University of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeuk U.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"Korean Convergence Medical Science University of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(06)68542\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KlingnerJ KumarR HanrahanP.Measuring the task\u2010evoked pupillary response with a remote eye tracker.Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications.ETRA;2008:69\u201072.","DOI":"10.1145\/1344471.1344489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57883-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065\u2010021\u201009495\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/15672050113106660163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010161078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1982.tb02540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.154.3756.1583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1996.tb01071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175231160010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"Seoul neuropsychological screening battery","author":"Kang Y","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.871432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010020\u201001374\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415\u2010019\u201000709\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0001070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01973533.2016.1277529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5351\/csam.2015.22.6.665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"621","volume-title":"Principles of neural science","author":"Albright TD","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0000720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210600673818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2003.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423\u2010018\u20101432\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00467"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00562.2002"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment &amp; Disease Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.70019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T18:45:38Z","timestamp":1760381138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dad2.70019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dad2.70019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.70019","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8729","2352-8729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8729","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70019"}}