{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:14:28Z","timestamp":1790608468973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Late\u2010life depression (LLD) is a heterogenous disorder related to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes, raising a need for the development of novel biomarkers. We sought to provide preliminary evidence for acoustic speech signatures sensitive to LLD and their relationship to depressive dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty patients (24 female, aged 65\u201382 years) were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Vocal features were extracted from speech samples (reading a pre\u2010written text) and tested as classifiers of LLD using random forest and XGBoost models. Post hoc analyses examined the relationship between these acoustic features and specific depressive dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The classification models demonstrated moderate discriminative ability for LLD with receiver operating characteristic\u00a0=\u00a00.78 for random forest and 0.84 for XGBoost in an out\u2010of\u2010sample testing set. The top classifying features were most strongly associated with the apathy dimension (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.43).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acoustic vocal features that may support the diagnosis of LLD are preferentially associated with apathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The depressive dimensions in late\u2010life depression (LLD) have different cognitive correlates, with apathy characterized by more pronounced cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Acoustic speech features can predict LLD. Using acoustic features, we were able to train a random forest model to predict LLD in a held\u2010out sample.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Acoustic speech features that predict LLD are preferentially associated with apathy. These results indicate a predominance of apathy in the vocal signatures of LLD, and suggest that the clinical heterogeneity of LLD should be considered in development of acoustic markers.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T07:43:36Z","timestamp":1737013416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Acoustic speech features are associated with late\u2010life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9733-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Harlev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences Department of Physical Therapy The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Rambam Health Care Campus  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shir","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion \u2010 IIT  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Goldshalger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion \u2010 IIT  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4652-7727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noham","family":"Wolpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical &amp; 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