{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:15:26Z","timestamp":1770743726350,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined semantic and phonemic fluency in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to amyloid status and clinical progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 490 individuals with SCD (62\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08 years, 42% female, 28% amyloid\u2010positive, 17% clinical progression) completed annual fluency assessments (mean \u00b1 SD follow\u2010up 4.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9 years). Associations between fluency trajectories, amyloid status, and clinical progression were examined with linear mixed models and joint models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amyloid\u2010positive individuals declined faster than amyloid\u2010negative individuals on semantic fluency (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.35, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), but not on phonemic fluency (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.218). An annual decline of one word in semantic and phonemic fluency was associated with 22% (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a01.22, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and 28% (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004) increased risk of clinical progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that decline in semantic fluency is an early indicator of cognitive deficits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Abnormal amyloid burden is associated with decline in semantic fluency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Fluency trajectories are associated with an increased risk of clinical progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>More refined measures are needed to detect the earliest language deficits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T07:32:21Z","timestamp":1737012741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Amyloid\u2010related changes in fluency in patients with subjective cognitive decline"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0685-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanne L.","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Movement and Behavioral Sciences VU University  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Butterbrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Movement and Behavioral Sciences VU University  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Elisabeth\u2010Tweesteden Hospital  Tilburg the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casper","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa\u2010Marie","family":"Schl\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Argonde C.","family":"van Harten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsmarieke","family":"van de Giessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiesje M.","family":"van der Flier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Amsterdam Neuroscience VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sietske A. 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