{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:53:03Z","timestamp":1787313183688,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in older adults, but the burden on patients and health systems is not well understood. We aimed to estimate the impact of MCI on healthcare utilization and costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a matched cohort study in UK Biobank comparing healthcare costs and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia incidence rates in participants with MCI to propensity score\u2010matched participants without MCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 164,508 eligible participants, 6605(4%) had cognitive testing scores consistent with MCI. Ten\u2010year inpatient costs were 7.6% higher in MCI versus matched no\u2010MCI participants, while 6\u2010year primary care costs were 9.1% higher. Among MCI participants, AD dementia incidence rates were substantially higher than in non\u2010MCI participants (7.2 5\u2010year incidence rate ratio 95% CI: 3.3 to 15.7), and eventual AD dementia accrued higher additional inpatient costs (mean \u00a320,199) over 10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MCI is characterized by modestly higher healthcare utilization and costs. Subsequent AD dementia diagnosis was strongly associated with costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Baseline cognitive tests identified individuals with all\u2010cause MCI in the UK Biobank.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We compared individuals with MCI to propensity score\u2010matched participants without MCI.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Inpatient costs were 7.6% higher over 10 years, and primary care costs were 9.1% higher over 6 years for participants with MCI.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>AD dementia incidence rate ratio was 7.2 higher in participants with MCI.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Among MCI participants, eventual AD dementia was a key driver of costs resulting in higher inpatient costs (mean \u00a320,199) over 10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T07:00:59Z","timestamp":1749711659000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The impact of mild cognitive impairment on healthcare utilization and costs: A UK Biobank study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6202-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Brain Sciences Secondary affiliation to the University of St Andrews  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Trepel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8187-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie Hviid","family":"Hahn\u2010Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S  S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei Sum","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Analytics, Lane Clark &amp; Peacock LLP  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Analytics, Lane Clark &amp; Peacock LLP  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S  S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Ahmad","family":"Wichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S  S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Llandough  Wales UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Disease International WimoA AliGC GuerchetM et\u00a0al.World Alzheimer Report 2015: The global impact of dementia: An analysis of prevalence incidence cost and trends.2015. 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