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Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuroinflammation may have sex\u2010specific effects on white matter injury and impact the development of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human chitinase\u20103\u2010like protein\u20101 (YKL\u201040) concentrations at baseline were related to white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, free water (FW), and FW\u2010corrected fractional anisotropy using linear effects models (for cross\u2010sectional outcomes) and linear mixed\u2010effects models (for longitudinal outcomes), adjusting for demographic and medical risk factors. Models were repeated with a sex\u2010interaction term and then stratified by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In stratified analyses, greater baseline YKL\u201040 concentrations were associated with increased WMHs in females but not males in the parietal (females\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04; males\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.34) and temporal lobes (females\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005; males\u00a0=\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.71) longitudinally. YKL\u201040 associations with FW and FW\u2010corrected fractional anisotropy were null.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest that neuroinflammation is a sex\u2010specific driver of WMHs (but not FW) in females. Differential sequelae of neuroinflammation may be one reason that females have a greater burden of WMHs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid YKL\u201040 is associated with white matter hyperintensities in females but not males cross\u2010sectionally and longitudinally.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Longitudinally, cerebrospinal fluid YKL\u201040 is associated with white matter hyperintensities in the parietal and temporal lobes, regions that exhibit early pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease .<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid YKL\u201040 is not associated with white matter microstructural measures.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T23:10:32Z","timestamp":1746832232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid YKL\u201040 relates to white matter hyperintensity progression in females but not males over a 6\u2010year period"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7015-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalia J.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek B.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailey A.","family":"Adegboye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Mass General Brigham  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Deberghes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly R.","family":"Pechman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niranjana","family":"Shashikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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