{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T04:48:12Z","timestamp":1778388492919,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG066506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG066506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp;amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp;amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) may have distinct biomarker and clinical features from late\u2010onset AD (LOAD). EOAD is understudied in ethnically heterogeneous populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied EOAD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a044, age 64.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.5, 55% female, 52% Hispanic\/Latino), LOAD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0113), early\u2010onset non\u2010AD (EOnonAD, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0114), and clinically normal (CN, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a093) individuals from the 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Group differences and demographic interactions were evaluated in plasma (phosphorylated tau217, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain), neuroimaging (amyloid positron emission tomography, brain magnetic resonance imaging), and global function (Mini\u2010Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>AD\u2010related biomarkers and global function were consistently worse in EOAD than EOnonAD and CN, and similar or worse than LOAD. Among EOAD, younger age related to greater amyloid burden among non\u2010Hispanic\/Latino individuals only. AD\u2010related biomarker changes were more severe in females than males among non\u2010Hispanic\/Latino EOAD, but more severe among males in Hispanic\/Latino EOAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The biological and clinical features of EOAD may differ by sex and ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and global functional measures were measured in Hispanic and non\u2010Hispanic individuals with early\u2010onset AD (EOAD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Overall, AD\u2010related biomarkers and global function were consistently worse in EOAD than non\u2010AD cognitive decline and controls, and similar or worse than late\u2010onset AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Younger age related to greater amyloid burden among non\u2010Hispanic EOAD, but not Hispanic EOAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Hispanic EOAD males had more severe changes than females, contrasting findings in non\u2010Hispanic EOAD (females more severe than males).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T08:05:51Z","timestamp":1754985951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex and ethnicity in early\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and global function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Breton M.","family":"Asken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010En","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franchesca","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shellie\u2010Anne","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren W.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Mt. 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