{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:48:02Z","timestamp":1782456482322,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1037746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1037746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003752","name":"Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025520","name":"Medical Research Future Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alz &amp; Dem Diag Ass &amp; Dis Mo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overlaps in symptom presentation limits the capacity to predict functional impairment and future care needs in younger\u2010onset dementia syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A general additive model (GAM) was applied to cross\u2010sectional retrospective data from 375 participants with younger\u2010onset dementia; 152 behavioral\u2010variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 118 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 66 semantic dementia, and 39 progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA). This GAM aimed to explore the dynamic interrelationships between established measures of global cognition, apathy, and functional impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our GAM significantly predicted functional impairment in all syndromes with a high explained variance (59.5%). Cognition and apathy emerged as significant predictors of functional impairment in each syndrome (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010values\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.015). These relationships were consistently linear in AD, non\u2010linear in SD, and mixed in bvFTD and PNFA (i.e., cognition linear and apathy non\u2010linear).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study shows the potential prognostic utility of GAMs for identifying syndrome\u2010specific transition periods across group\u2010level staging's of functional impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>First study to apply a general additive model to functional impairment in younger\u2010onset dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Studied 375 individuals with younger\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Apathy and cognition were significant predictors of functional impairment in all syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This modeling has significant implications for syndrome\u2010specific prognosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T03:40:56Z","timestamp":1768966856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modeling contributions of cognition and apathy to functional impairment in younger\u2010onset dementia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Brain &amp; Mind Centre  Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney School of Psychology  Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Brain &amp; Mind Centre  Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"Memory and Cognition Clinic Institute of Clinical Neurosciences Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Piguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Brain &amp; Mind Centre  Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney School of Psychology  Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Foxe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Brain &amp; Mind Centre  Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney School of Psychology  Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muireann","family":"Irish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Brain &amp; Mind Centre  Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney School of Psychology  Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444849"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.6158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.30194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2024.105375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010021\u201000932\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1087765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318182d293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214001859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000449283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010024\u201012430\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315370279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010142508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010020\u201010382\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e04070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988720944239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000351671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617718000541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980\u201057642009DN20200005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633x231219311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102014\u2010309120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010025\u201013025\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(24)00521\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(24)00456\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101492"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment &amp; Disease Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.70249","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dad2.70249","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.70249","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dad2.70249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:10:59Z","timestamp":1781089859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dad2.70249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dad2.70249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.70249","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8729","2352-8729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8729","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70249"}}