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Approximately 50% of people with DS have congenital heart disease (CHD). Having CHD increases risk for early\u2010onset AD in populations without DS, but it is unclear if CHD influences AD in DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium\u2010Down Syndrome (ABC\u2010DS) were used. Participants with CHD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a082, mean age\u00a0=\u00a039.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.5 years, 97.6% White race) were age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched to participants without CHD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a082, mean age\u00a0=\u00a040.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.1 years, 98.8% White race). Cognitive assessments and Centiloid load (CL) (positron emission tomography) were compared by CHD status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      People with CHD scored lower for visuospatial ability (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.515,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.022) but had higher CL (29.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.8\u00a0vs. 39.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.8,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08.00,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.036) and were projected to hit A\u03b2 positivity at a younger age (37.6 and 42.1 years).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presence of CHD may influence AD progression in DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>In adults with Down syndrome (DS), those with congenital heart disease (CHD) had higher amyloid beta and reached the threshold for an amyloid positivity at a younger age than those without CHD<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>No differences in cognition were seen in the age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched sample based on CHD status; however, the average age of the sample may be too young to see cognitive changes<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>CHDs may influence the timing of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adults with DS<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T05:22:42Z","timestamp":1768800162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of congenital heart disease on the timing of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3655-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julianne G.","family":"Clina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Helsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigan L.","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ward Family Heart Center Children's Mercy Hospital  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Fleming\u2010Batayneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Handen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; 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